HPLC Profiling and Phytochemical Analysis of Fruit Extracts of Guinea pepper-Xylopia aethiopica , ( Dunal )

The hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica were subjected to HPLC fingerprinting to establish their profile. The extracts were also screened for classes of secondary metabolites, and the pharmacognostic parameters of the fruit were determined using standard procedures. HPLC analysis of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts revealed eleven, nine and nineteen resolved peaks, respectively. The HPLC profiling revealed that the methanol extract contained caffeic acid (8.19%) and ferulic acid (4.91%). The result of the phytochemical screening of the three extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, balsams, pseudotannins, saponins, tannins, terpenes, steroids and glycosides in the methanol extract while the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts contained less number of classes of secondary metabolites. The three extracts did not test positive for resin, flavonoids, alkaloids and simple sugars. Pharmacognostic determination showed that the fruits had moisture content of 9.17%, alcohol extractive value of 43.77% and water extractive value of 34.97%. The findings of this study established the HPLC, phytochemical and pharmacognostic profile of the commonly used fruit for references purposes, monograph development and samples authentication.

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