The ‘National System of Innovation’ in historical perspective

Contrary to some recent work on so-called 'globalization,' this paper argues that national and regional systems of innovation remain an essential domain of economic analysis. Their importance derives from the networks of relationships that are necessary for any firm to innovate. While external international connections are certainly of growing importance, the influence of the national education system, industrial relations, technical and scientific institutions, government policies, cultural traditions and many other national institutions is fundamental. The historical examples of Germany, Japan, and the former U.S.S.R. illustrate this point, as well as the more recent contrast between East Asian and Latin American countries. (c) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. Copyright 1995 by Oxford University Press.

[1]  P. Patel,et al.  Localised Production of Technology for Global Markets , 1995 .

[2]  Bo Carlsson,et al.  Technological Systems and Economic Performance , 1995 .

[3]  Leon A.G. Oerlemans,et al.  National Systems of Innovation : Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning , 2012 .

[4]  C. Charbit.  The Impact of Globalisation of Europe's Firms and Industries , 1994 .

[5]  Christopher Freeman,et al.  The economics of technical change , 1994 .

[6]  Staffan Jacobsson,et al.  Technological systems and economic policy: the diffusion of factory automation in Sweden , 1994 .

[7]  Edwin Mansfield,et al.  The Economics of Technical Change , 1993 .

[8]  R. Macginty.  The Irish economy in a comparative institutional perspective , 1993 .

[9]  Computer Staff,et al.  The Machine That Changed the World , 1992 .

[10]  E. Hippel.  The dominant role of users in the scientific instrument innovation process , 1993 .

[11]  Michael Gibbons,et al.  The roles of science in technological innovation , 1993 .

[12]  R. Nelson.  National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis , 1993 .

[13]  P. S. Wise.  Diversity development. , 1993, Journal of continuing education in nursing.

[14]  L. Mjøset,et al.  Industrial Development and Irish National Identity, 1922-1939.@@@The Irish Economy in a Comparative Institutional Perspective. , 1994 .

[15]  R. Rothwell.  Successful industrial innovation: critical factors for the 1990s , 1992 .

[16]  S. Durlauf,et al.  Local Versus Global Convergence Across National Economies , 1992 .

[17]  B. Dalum.  National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning , 1992 .

[18]  K. Pavitt,et al.  The Innovative Performance Of The World'S Largest Firms: Some New Evidence ‡ , 1992 .

[19]  Daniele Archibugi,et al.  The Technological Specialization of Advanced Countries , 1992 .

[20]  A. Saxenian.  The origins and dynamics of production networks in Silicon Valley , 1991 .

[21]  Allen J. Scott,et al.  The aerospace-electronics industrial complex of Southern California: The formative years, 1940–1960☆ , 1991 .

[22]  D. Foray.  The secrets of industry are in the air: Industrial cooperation and the organizational dynamics of the innovative firm , 1991 .

[23]  B. Harrison,et al.  Flexibility, hierarchy and regional development: The changing structure of industrial production systems and their forms of governance in the 1990s , 1991 .

[24]  K. Pavitt,et al.  Large Firms in the Production of the World's Technology: An Important Case of “Non-Globalisation” , 1991 .

[25]  F. List.  The National System of Political Economy , 1990 .

[26]  Michael E. Porter,et al.  The Competitive Advantage of Nations. , 1990 .

[27]  W. Diebold,et al.  The Borderless World , 1990 .

[28]  Stanislaw Gomulka,et al.  The theory of technological change and economic growth , 1990 .

[29]  Paul Israel,et al.  The Sources of Innovation , 1990 .

[30]  C. Freeman.  Technology policy and economic performance : lessons from Japan , 1987 .

[31]  P. Romer.  Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth , 1986, Journal of Political Economy.

[32]  Hariolf Grupp,et al.  A technometric model for the assessment of technological standards and their application to selected technology-intensive products , 1986 .

[33]  Correlli Barnett.  The Audit of War , 1986 .

[34]  W. Diebold,et al.  The Second Industrial Divide , 1985 .

[35]  J. Beckham.  New product development. , 1985, Hospital forum.

[36]  B. Lundvall.  Product Innovation and User-Producer Interaction , 1985 .

[37]  B. Martin,et al.  Foresight in Science: Picking the Winners , 1984 .

[38]  C. Sabel,et al.  The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity , 1984 .

[39]  D. Mowery.  The relationship between intrafirm and contractual forms of industrial research in American manufacturing, 1900-1940 , 1983 .

[40]  Carlota Perez,et al.  Structural change and assimilation of new technologies in the economic and social systems , 1983 .

[41]  Julian M. Cooper,et al.  Industrial Innovation in the Soviet Union , 1983 .

[42]  S. J. Prais,et al.  Vocational Qualifications of the Labour Force in Britain and Germany , 1981, National Institute Economic Review.

[43]  Harry G. Johnson,et al.  Technology and Economic Interdependence , 1978 .

[44]  C. Freeman.  Economics of Industrial Innovation , 1975 .

[45]  E. Mansfield.  Research and innovation in the modern corporation , 1972 .

[46]  D. Landes.  The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present , 1969 .

[47]  Samuel Hollander,et al.  The Sources of Increased Efficiency: A Study of DuPont Rayon Plants , 1965 .

[48]  H. L. Nieburg,et al.  The research and development effort in Western Europe, North America and the Soviet Union , 1965 .

[49]  M. V. Posner,et al.  INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TECHNICAL CHANGE , 1961 .

[50]  J. J. Beer.  The Emergence of the German Dye Industry , 1981 .

[51]  J. Jewkes,et al.  The Sources of Invention. , 1958 .

[52]  C. Carter,et al.  Industry and technical progress , 1957 .

[53]  J. D. Bernal,et al.  The Social Function of Science , 1967 .