Array of Multilayer Perceptrons with No-class Resampling Training for Face Recognition

A face recognition (FR) problem involves the face detection, representation and classi cation steps. Once a face is located in an image, it has to be represented through a feature extraction process, for later performing a proper face classification task. The most widely used approach for feature extraction is the eigenfaces method, where an eigenspace is established from the image training samples using principal components analysis. In the classification phase, an input face is projected to the obtained eigenspace and classifed by an appropriate classifer. Neural network classifers based on multilayer perceptron models have proven to be well suited to this task. This paper presents an array of multilayer perceptron neural networks trained with a novel no-class resampling strategy which takes into account the balance problem between class and no-class examples and increases the generalization capabilities. The proposed model is compared against a classical multilayer perceptron classifer for face recognition over the AT&T database of faces, obtaining results that show an improvement over the classification rates of a classical classifer.

[1]  Keinosuke Fukunaga,et al.  Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition , 1972 .

[2]  Seong G. Kong,et al.  Recent advances in visual and infrared face recognition - a review , 2005, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[3]  David J. Kriegman,et al.  Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection , 1996, ECCV.

[4]  Kohji Fukunaga,et al.  Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition-Second Edition , 1990 .

[5]  Azriel Rosenfeld,et al.  Face recognition: A literature survey , 2003, CSUR.

[6]  Joonki Paik,et al.  Multimodal Priority Verification of Face and Speech Using Momentum Back-Propagation Neural Network , 2006, ISNN.

[7]  A. Eleyan,et al.  PCA and LDA Based Neural Networks for Human Face Recognition , 2007 .

[8]  Reza Ebrahimpour,et al.  View-independent face recognition with Mixture of Experts , 2008, Neurocomputing.

[9]  Alejandro F. Frangi,et al.  Two-dimensional PCA: a new approach to appearance-based face representation and recognition , 2004 .

[10]  Jian Yang,et al.  KPCA plus LDA: a complete kernel Fisher discriminant framework for feature extraction and recognition , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[11]  Mahantapas Kundu,et al.  Classification of Polar-Thermal Eigenfaces using Multilayer Perceptron for Human Face Recognition , 2008, 2008 IEEE Region 10 and the Third international Conference on Industrial and Information Systems.

[12]  Adnan Khashman,et al.  Face Recognition Using Neural Networks and Pattern Averaging , 2006, ISNN.

[13]  Simon Haykin,et al.  Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation , 1998 .

[14]  A. Hossein Sahoolizadeh,et al.  A New Face Recognition Method using PCA, LDA and Neural Network , 2008 .

[15]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  Learning internal representations by error propagation , 1986 .

[16]  Jongsun Kim,et al.  Effective representation using ICA for face recognition robust to local distortion and partial occlusion , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[17]  Konstantinos N. Plataniotis,et al.  Face recognition using kernel direct discriminant analysis algorithms , 2003, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.

[18]  Marian Stewart Bartlett,et al.  Face recognition by independent component analysis , 2002, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.

[19]  Patrick J. Flynn,et al.  A survey of approaches and challenges in 3D and multi-modal 3D + 2D face recognition , 2006, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[20]  M. Turk,et al.  Eigenfaces for Recognition , 1991, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[21]  Jian Yang,et al.  Two-dimensional PCA: a new approach to appearance-based face representation and recognition , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[22]  Ming-Hsuan Yang,et al.  Kernel Eigenfaces vs. Kernel Fisherfaces: Face recognition using kernel methods , 2002, Proceedings of Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face Gesture Recognition.

[23]  Yajie Tian,et al.  Handbook of face recognition , 2003 .

[24]  Andrea F. Abate,et al.  2D and 3D face recognition: A survey , 2007, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[25]  L Sirovich,et al.  Low-dimensional procedure for the characterization of human faces. , 1987, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[26]  Lawrence Sirovich,et al.  Application of the Karhunen-Loeve Procedure for the Characterization of Human Faces , 1990, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[27]  Avinash C. Kak,et al.  PCA versus LDA , 2001, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[28]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Neural Network-Based Face Detection , 1998, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[29]  David J. Kriegman,et al.  Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection , 1996, ECCV.

[30]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  Face recognition: component-based versus global approaches , 2003, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[31]  Wangmeng Zuo,et al.  Computational Intelligence-Based Biometric Technologies , 2007, IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine.