A Proposed Framework for Behavioral Accounting Research

ABSTRACT: Behavioral accounting research (BAR) is richer today, in the topics covered, the methods used, and the range of sub-areas of accounting in which it is performed, than ever before. This paper offers a framework within which BAR literature can be viewed as a whole rather than in segments, such as by accounting sub-areas or by research method. The framework classifies BAR by the focus of the research: the individual, group, organization, or the society within which accounting exists. The purpose of the framework is to help researchers in BAR to appreciate the insights to their research questions that can be found in BAR using another research method or studying a similar issue in another sub-area of accounting. Existing research in each of these four areas is discussed to illustrate the usefulness of the framework. In addition, behavioral research in other disciplines that could impact BAR and areas of potential future research are discussed.

[1]  Robert J. Ramsay,et al.  Effects of Discussion of Audit Reviews on Auditors' Motivation and Performance , 2006 .

[2]  H. Tan,et al.  Investors' Reactions to Management Disclosure Corrections: Does Presentation Format Matter? , 2007 .

[3]  Jacob G. Birnberg,et al.  EXPANDING OUR FRONTIERS: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING RESEARCH IN THE NEXT DECADE? , 2004 .

[4]  R. Baskerville Hofstede Never Studied Culture , 2003 .

[5]  Gordon H. Bower,et al.  Mood effects on subjective probability assessment , 1992 .

[6]  John Duffy,et al.  Social norms, information, and trust among strangers: theory and evidence , 2009, Economic Theory.

[7]  Deborah A. Small,et al.  Heart Strings and Purse Strings , 2004, Psychological science.

[8]  Vicky Arnold,et al.  The Differential Use and Effect of Knowledge-Based System Explanations in Novice and Expert Judgement Decisions , 2006, MIS Q..

[9]  Cynthia S. Wang Punishing Deception and Rewarding Honesty , 2007 .

[10]  Robert Forsythe,et al.  A laboratory investigation of alternative transfer pricing mechanisms , 1989 .

[11]  Ingrid Jeacle Accounting and the construction of the standard house , 2003 .

[12]  Stephen J. Conroy,et al.  Ethical Attitudes of Accountants: Recent Evidence from a Practitioners’ Survey , 2007 .

[13]  Peter Miller,et al.  Capital Budgeting Practices and Complementarity Relations in the Transition to Modern Manufacture: A Field Based Analysis , 1997 .

[14]  J. Valacich,et al.  Computer brainstorms: More heads are better than one. , 1993 .

[15]  J. Greenberg Employee Theft as a Reaction to Underpayment Inequity: The Hidden Cost of Pay Cuts , 1990 .

[16]  D. Otley BUDGET USE AND MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE , 1978 .

[17]  D. Kliger,et al.  Priming the Risk Attitudes of Professionals in Financial Decision Making , 2008 .

[18]  Uday S. Murthy,et al.  Decision making performance of interacting groups: an experimental investigation of the effects of task type and communication mode , 2003, Inf. Manag..

[19]  R. Boland,et al.  Accounting in organizations: A union of natural and rational perspectives , 1983 .

[20]  R. Zeckhauser,et al.  Trust, Risk and Betrayal , 2003 .

[21]  M. W. Nelson,et al.  Evidence from Auditors About Managers' and Auditors' Earnings-Management Decisions , 2001 .

[22]  Mark W. Dirsmith,et al.  Budgeting as a means for control and loose coupling , 1983 .

[23]  A. Wright,et al.  Academic Research on Communications Among External Auditors, the Audit Committee, and the Board: Implications and Recommendations for Practice , 2008 .

[24]  Robert Kurzban,et al.  The neurobiology of trust. , 2008, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[25]  Michel Tuan Pham Emotion and Rationality: A Critical Review and Interpretation of Empirical Evidence , 2007 .

[26]  Peter Miller,et al.  Accounting and the construction of the governable person , 1987 .

[27]  J. Knobe Intentional action in folk psychology: An experimental investigation , 2003 .

[28]  Thomas Ahrens,et al.  Theorizing Practice in Management Accounting Research , 2006 .

[29]  Joan Luft,et al.  Second‐Order Uncertainty in Accounting Information and Bilateral Bargaining Costs , 2000 .

[30]  The Effects of Perceived Fairness on Opportunistic Behavior , 2007 .

[31]  Brian W. Mayhew Auditor Reputation Building , 2001 .

[32]  Neil Fligstein The politics of quantification , 1998 .

[33]  J. Hunton,et al.  Retracted: Relationship Incentives and the Optimistic/Pessimistic Pattern in Analysts' Forecasts , 2008 .

[34]  C. J. Wolfe,et al.  The effects of system design alternatives on the acquisition of tax knowledge from a computerized tax decision aid , 2000 .

[35]  Jane Kennedy,et al.  Debiasing Audit Judgment With Accountability - A Framework And Experimental Results , 1993 .

[36]  James E. Hunton,et al.  Effects of Anonymous Whistle‐Blowing and Perceived Reputation Threats on Investigations of Whistle‐Blowing Allegations by Audit Committee Members , 2011 .

[37]  Kip Smith,et al.  The impact of the certainty context on the process of choice , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[38]  J. Andreoni IMPURE ALTRUISM AND DONATIONS TO PUBLIC GOODS: A THEORY OF WARM-GLOW GIVING* , 1990 .

[39]  Cass R. Sunstein,et al.  Behavioral Law and Economics: Acknowledgments , 2000 .

[40]  Jacob G. Birnberg,et al.  Effects of organizational process change on responsibility accounting and managers' revelations of private knowledge , 2008 .

[41]  E. Fehr,et al.  Cooperation and Punishment in Public Goods Experiments , 1999, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[42]  A. Hopwood,et al.  The archeology of accounting systems , 1987 .

[43]  Angelina Villarreal,et al.  PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES IN THE USE OF GRAPHIC AND TABULAR DISPLAYS OF MULTIVARIATE DATA , 1987 .

[44]  J. Lerner,et al.  Fear, anger, and risk. , 2001, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[45]  Ulrich Mayr,et al.  Neural Responses to Taxation and Voluntary Giving Reveal Motives for Charitable Donations , 2007, Science.

[46]  H. Kelman,et al.  Human use of human subjects: the problem of deception in social psychological experiments. , 1967, Psychological bulletin.

[47]  A. Tversky,et al.  Prospect Theory. An Analysis of Decision Making Under Risk , 1977 .

[48]  R. Casadesus-Masanell Trust in Agency , 2004 .

[49]  Nils Brunsson,et al.  Deciding for responsibility and legitimation: Alternative interpretations of organizational decision-making , 1990 .

[50]  Iris Vessey,et al.  The effect of information presentation on decision making: A cost-benefit analysis , 1994, Inf. Manag..

[51]  Uday S. Murthy,et al.  Divergent and Convergent Idea Generation in Teams: A Comparison of Computer-Mediated and Face-to-Face Communication , 2004 .

[52]  Julie H. Goldberg,et al.  Sober Second Thought: The Effects of Accountability, Anger, and Authoritarianism on Attributions of Responsibility , 1998 .

[53]  R. Banker,et al.  An Empirical Investigation of an Incentive Plan that Includes Nonfinancial Performance Measures , 2000 .

[54]  Joan Y. Chiao,et al.  Genetic Determinants of Financial Risk Taking , 2009, PloS one.

[55]  Joan Luft Historical Theorizing in Management Accounting Research , 2006 .

[56]  Michele Chwastiak Taming the untamable: planning, programming and budgeting and the normalization of war , 2001 .

[57]  Juliana Ng,et al.  Change in Strategy and MCS: A Match Over Time? , 2003 .

[58]  James R. Frederickson,et al.  Budgeting: An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Negotiation , 2000 .

[59]  Jeffrey R. Cohen,et al.  The role of managers’ behavior in corporate fraud , 2008 .

[60]  P. Yetton,et al.  Individual and Group Judgments of Internal Control Systems , 1983 .

[61]  K. J. Euske,et al.  RATIONAL, RATIONALIZING, AND REIFYING USES OF ACCOUNTING DATA IN ORGANIZATIONS. , 1987 .

[62]  S. Young,et al.  The effects of intergroup competition and intragroup cooperation on slack and output in a , 1993 .

[63]  A. Tversky,et al.  Prospect theory: analysis of decision under risk , 1979 .

[64]  J. Baxter,et al.  Alternative management accounting research—whence and whither , 2003 .

[65]  P. Zak,et al.  Neurofinance: Bridging Psychology, Neurology, and Investor Behavior , 2008 .

[66]  Tina D Carpenter,et al.  Audit Team Brainstorming, Fraud Risk Identification, and Fraud Risk Assessment: Implications of SAS No. 99 , 2007 .

[67]  Joan L. Luft,et al.  Fairness, ethics and the effect of management accounting on transaction costs , 1997 .

[68]  Eric W. Noreen,et al.  THE ECONOMICS OF ETHICS: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON AGENCY THEORY. , 1988 .

[69]  C. Chow,et al.  The effects of pay schemes and ratchets on budgetary slack and performance: A multiperiod experiment☆ , 1991 .

[70]  Lawrence A. Ponemon Ethical judgments in accounting: A cognitive-developmental perspective , 1990 .

[71]  Joan L. Luft,et al.  Bonus and penalty incentives contract choice by employees , 1994 .

[72]  M. Rabin Psychology and Economics , 1997 .

[73]  D. Otley The contingency theory of management accounting: Achievement and prognosis , 1980 .

[74]  J. Lerner,et al.  Beyond valence: Toward a model of emotion-specific influences on judgement and choice , 2000 .

[75]  Graeme Harrison,et al.  Cultural Influences on Judgments of Professional Accountants in Auditor-Client Conflict Resolution , 2002 .

[76]  Carey K. Morewedge,et al.  Looking Forward to Looking Backward , 2004, Psychological science.

[77]  吳安妮 The Importance of National Culture in the Design of and Preference for Management Controls for Multinational Operations , 1996 .

[78]  R. Thaler Advances in behavioral finance , 1995 .

[79]  Robert Libby,et al.  Analysts' reactions to warnings of negative earnings surprises , 1999 .

[80]  Anders U. Poulsen,et al.  Male and Female Competitive Behavior - Experimental Evidence , 2005 .

[81]  R. Boyd,et al.  In Search of Homo Economicus: Behavioral Experiments in 15 Small- Scale Societies , 2001 .

[82]  Daniel Houser,et al.  A functional imaging study of cooperation in two-person reciprocal exchange , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[83]  R. Thaler,et al.  A Survey of Behavioral Finance , 2002 .

[84]  Edward J. McCaffery,et al.  Behavioral Public Finance , 2006 .

[85]  Lei Lai,et al.  Social incentives for gender differences in the propensity to initiate negotiations: Sometimes it does hurt to ask , 2007 .

[86]  Tony Tinker,et al.  The role of annual reports in gender and class contradictions at general motors: 1917-1976 , 1987 .

[87]  Prem Prakash,et al.  Information inductance and its significance for accounting , 1977 .

[88]  Kristy L. Towry Control in a Teamwork Environment—The Impact of Social Ties on the Effectiveness of Mutual Monitoring Contracts , 2003 .

[89]  Amir Barnea,et al.  Nature or Nurture: What Determines Investor Behavior? , 2010 .

[90]  Robert W. Rutledge,et al.  The influence of self-interest and ethical considerations on managers evaluation judgments 1 The da , 1999 .

[91]  M. Rabin Published by: American , 2022 .

[92]  Lucy F. Ackert,et al.  An Experimental Study of Circuit Breakers: The Effects of Mandated Market Closures and Temporary Halts on Market Behavior , 2001 .

[93]  Jerry R. Strawser,et al.  A Multidimensional Analysis of Tax Practitioners' Ethical Judgments , 2000 .

[94]  A. Spicer,et al.  When does national identity matter? Convergence and divergence in international business ethics , 2007 .

[95]  Yue Zhang The Effects of Perceived Fairness and Communication on Honesty and Collusion in a Multi-Agent Setting , 2008 .

[96]  Kip Smith,et al.  A brain imaging study of the choice procedure , 2005, Games Econ. Behav..

[97]  Steven T. Schwartz,et al.  A Laboratory Investigation of Verification and Reputation Formation in a Repeated Joint Investment Setting , 2002 .

[98]  Richard Deaves,et al.  Emotion and financial markets , 2003 .

[99]  Honesty in Managerial Reporting , 2001 .

[100]  Laureen A. Maines,et al.  Does Search-facilitating Technology Improve the Transparency of Financial Reporting? , 2004 .

[101]  Thomas Ahrens,et al.  Management Accounting as Practice , 2005 .

[102]  Kip Smith,et al.  Economics and emotion: Institutions matter , 2005, Games Econ. Behav..

[103]  Wendelin Schnedler,et al.  Legitimacy of Control , 2007, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[104]  Donald V. Moser,et al.  Economic and equity effects on tax reporting decisions , 2005 .

[105]  Michael Favere-Marchesi Audit Review: The Impact of Discussion Timing and Familiarity , 2006 .

[106]  M. Bazerman,et al.  A Decision-Making Perspective to Negotiation : A Review of the Past and a Look to the Futurenejo , 2009 .

[107]  J. Hunton,et al.  Linking Participative Budgeting Congruence to Organization Performance (Retracted) , 2001 .

[108]  A. Tversky,et al.  Prospect Theory : An Analysis of Decision under Risk Author ( s ) : , 2007 .

[109]  L. Nystrom,et al.  Tracking the hemodynamic responses to reward and punishment in the striatum. , 2000, Journal of neurophysiology.

[110]  B. McSweeney A Triumph of Faith - a Failure of Analysis Hofstede's Model of National Cultural Differences and their Consequences: , 2011 .

[111]  Klaus M. Schmidt,et al.  A Theory of Fairness, Competition, and Cooperation , 1999 .

[112]  Aldo Rustichini,et al.  Cognitive skills affect economic preferences, strategic behavior, and job attachment , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[113]  M. Jones,et al.  Determinants of Changes in Accounting Practices: Accounting and the UK Health Service , 2007 .

[114]  Matthew Rabin,et al.  Incorporating Fairness into Game Theory , 1991 .

[115]  Pro Forma Disclosure and Investor Sophistication: External Validation of Experimental Evidence Using Archival Data , 2007 .

[116]  Michael D. Shields,et al.  Some effects on information load on search patterns used to analyze performance reports , 1980 .

[117]  Jan Barton Who Cares about Auditor Reputation , 2005 .

[118]  S. Young PARTICIPATIVE BUDGETING - THE EFFECTS OF RISK-AVERSION AND ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION ON BUDGETARY SLACK , 1985 .

[119]  Lucy F. Ackert,et al.  Pricing behavior, effort choices, and settlement offers under alternative legal cost allocation systems: Evidence from an auditing game , 2001 .

[120]  Colin Camerer,et al.  “Economic man” in cross-cultural perspective: Behavioral experiments in 15 small-scale societies , 2005, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[121]  Michael D. Shields,et al.  Antecedents of participative budgeting , 1998 .

[122]  Brian W. Mayhew,et al.  The Effect of Accounting Uncertainty and Auditor Reputation on Auditor Objectivity , 2001 .

[123]  P. Miller Management Accounting and Sociology , 2006 .

[124]  M. Hirst RELIANCE ON ACCOUNTING PERFORMANCE-MEASURES, TASK UNCERTAINTY, AND DYSFUNCTIONAL BEHAVIOR - SOME EXTENSIONS , 1983 .

[125]  Colin Camerer,et al.  Not So Different After All: A Cross-Discipline View Of Trust , 1998 .

[126]  M. Foucault,et al.  Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison , 2020, On Violence.

[127]  W. Marquering,et al.  Are Men More Optimistic? , 2008 .

[128]  B. McSweeney Hofstede’s Model of National Cultural Differences and their Consequences: A Triumph of Faith - a Failure of Analysis , 2002 .

[129]  D. Eric Hirst,et al.  Comprehensive income reporting and analysts' valuation judgments , 1998 .

[130]  Kimberly K. Moreno,et al.  The Influence of Affect on Managers' Capital‐Budgeting Decisions , 2001 .

[131]  R. Houston,et al.  Audit Committee Member Support for Proposed Audit Adjustments: Pre‐SOX versus Post‐SOX Judgments , 2008 .

[132]  Louise Côté,et al.  Users’ participation in the accounting standard-setting process: A theory-building study , 2007 .

[133]  Kimberly K. Moreno,et al.  The Impact of Affective Reactions on Risky Decision Making in Accounting Contexts , 2002 .

[134]  Kenneth A. Merchant,et al.  Field‐Based Research in Accounting: Accomplishments and Prospects , 2006 .

[135]  J. Dickhaut,et al.  Neuroaccounting, Part I: The Primate Brain and Reciprocal Exchange , 2009 .

[136]  Jennifer R. Joe Why Press Coverage of a Client Influences the Audit Opinion , 2003 .

[137]  Frederick W. Rankin,et al.  Management Control Using Nonbinding Budgetary Announcements , 2003 .

[138]  Donna M. Booker,et al.  New Product Development: How Cost Information Precision Affects Designer Focus and Behavior in a Multiple Objective Setting , 2007 .

[139]  Theresa Libby,et al.  Referent Cognitions and Budgetary Fairness: A Research Note , 2001 .

[140]  M. W. Nelson,et al.  Experimental Research in Financial Accounting , 2001 .

[141]  Jacob G. Birnberg,et al.  Effect of Three Voting Rules on Resource Allocation Decisions , 1970 .

[142]  Shane Moriarity,et al.  Communicating Financial Information Through Multidimensional Graphics , 1979 .

[143]  Thomas W. Dunfee,et al.  Does National Context Matter in Ethical Decision Making? An Empirical Test of Integrative Social Contracts Theory , 2004 .

[144]  Susan F. Haka,et al.  Cost System and Incentive Structure Effects on Innovation, Efficiency and Profitability in Teams , 1999 .

[145]  The Brain as the Original Accounting Institution , 2009 .

[146]  Thomas Ahrens,et al.  Styles of Accountability , 1996 .

[147]  Galen Sevcik,et al.  Experimental Evidence of Differential Auditor Pricing and Reporting Strategies , 1998 .

[148]  A. Faye Borthick,et al.  Accelerating the acquisition of knowledge structure to improve performance in internal control reviews , 2006 .

[149]  R. Banker,et al.  An Empirical Analysis of Continuing Improvements Following the Implementation of a Performance-Based Compensation Plan , 1999 .

[150]  Jeremy F. Dent Accounting and organizational cultures: A field study of the emergence of a new organizational reality , 1991 .

[151]  David Green,et al.  Budgeting and Employee Behavior , 1962 .

[152]  Robert J. Ramsay,et al.  Effects of Supervisor Power on Preparers' Responses to Audit Review: A Field Study , 2007 .

[153]  Dipankar Ghosh Complementary arrangements of organizational factors and outcomes of negotiated transfer price , 2000 .

[154]  W. Goodenough,et al.  Human Group , 1951, Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining. 2nd Ed..

[155]  Steven E. Salterio,et al.  The Balanced Scorecard: Judgmental Effects of Common and Unique Performance Measures , 2000 .

[156]  Robert A. Simons Accounting control systems and business strategy: An empirical analysis , 1987 .

[157]  Jacob G. Birnberg,et al.  The Accountability Demand for Information in China and the US - A Research Note , 2008 .

[158]  Richard A. Bernardi,et al.  The Effect of Country and Culture on Perceptions of Appropriate Ethical Actions Prescribed by Codes of Conduct: A Western European Perspective among Accountants , 2007 .

[159]  Eric N. Johnson,et al.  An examination of potential gender-based differences in audit managers' performance evaluation judgments , 1998 .

[160]  G. Zaltman Rethinking Market Research: Putting People Back In , 1997 .

[161]  Philip M.J. Reckers,et al.  The Impact of Group Processing on Selected Audit Disclosure Decisions , 1981 .

[162]  Joanna L. Y. Ho,et al.  Technology and Group Decision Process in Going-Concern Judgements , 1999 .

[163]  Joyce E. Berg,et al.  Trust, Reciprocity, and Social History , 1995 .

[164]  Tom R. Burns,et al.  The Management of Innovation. , 1963 .

[165]  Thomas W. Vance,et al.  Creating Bias in Accounting Estimates: The Effects of Manager-Subordinate Relationship Quality and Ethicality Concerns * , 2008 .

[166]  Robert A. Simons The role of management control systems in creating competitive advantage: New perspectives☆ , 1990 .

[167]  Jacob G. Birnberg,et al.  Culture and control: A field study , 1988 .

[168]  R. Chenhall Management control systems design within its organizational context: findings from contingency-based research and directions for the future , 2003 .

[169]  J. Dickhaut,et al.  Neuroaccounting, Part II: Consilience Between Accounting Principles and the Primate Brain , 2009 .

[170]  M. Foucault,et al.  Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. , 1978 .

[171]  Colin Camerer,et al.  Neuroeconomics: How Neuroscience Can Inform Economics , 2005 .

[172]  Jacob G. Birnberg,et al.  Perceived chargeback system fairness: A laboratory experiment , 1994 .

[173]  D. Lawrenson Britain's railways: The predominance of engineering over accountancy during the inter-war period , 1992 .

[174]  C. Chin,et al.  Gender Differences in Audit Quality , 2008 .

[175]  G. Monroe,et al.  The Effect of Moods on Auditors' Inventory Valuation Decisions , 2007 .

[176]  Richard G. Sloan Do Stock Prices Fully Reflect Information in Accruals and Cash Flows About Future Earnings , 1998 .

[177]  Lawrence R. Wheeless,et al.  A Research Note , 1982 .

[178]  Geoffrey B. Sprinkle,et al.  A Review of the Effects of Financial Incentives on Performance in Laboratory Tasks: Implications for Management Accounting , 2000 .

[179]  F. Daroca Informational influences on group decision making in a participative budgeting context , 1984 .

[180]  Ingrid Jeacle,et al.  Accounting and the construction of the standard body , 2003 .

[181]  Lukas Menkhoff,et al.  Will Women be Women? Analyzing the Gender Difference Among Financial Experts , 2008 .

[182]  Steven E. Salterio,et al.  What Happens When Managers Plan Negotiations Instead of Partners? , 2008 .

[183]  T. Doupnik Influence of Culture on Earnings Management: A Note , 2008 .

[184]  Laura B. Cardinal,et al.  Balancing and Rebalancing in the Creation and Evolution of Organizational Control , 2004, Organ. Sci..

[185]  Ingrid Jeacle Accounting and the Construction of Taste: Standard Labour Costs and the Georgian Cabinet-Maker , 2005 .

[186]  E. Fehr,et al.  Cooperativeness and Impatience in the Tragedy of the Commons , 2008, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[187]  K. Eisenhardt Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review , 1989 .

[188]  Michael D. Shields,et al.  Avoiding Accounting Fixation: Determinants of Cognitive Adaptation to Differences in Accounting Method , 2001 .

[189]  Mark F. Zimbelman,et al.  Do Strategic Reasoning and Brainstorming Help Auditors Change Their Standard Audit Procedures in Response to Fraud Risk , 2009 .

[190]  Donald V. Moser,et al.  The effects of biases in probability judgments on market prices , 1994 .

[191]  Michael G. Williamson,et al.  The effort and risk-taking effects of budget-based contracts ☆ , 2008 .

[192]  Steven M. Glover,et al.  The Influence of Decision Aids on User Behavior: Implications for Knowledge Acquisition and Inappropriate Reliance , 1997 .

[193]  Lawrence A. Gordon,et al.  Management accounting systems, perceived environmental uncertainty and organization structure: An empirical investigation , 1984 .

[194]  Casey M. Rowe The Effect of Accounting Report Structure and Team Structure on Performance in Cross‐Functional Teams , 2004 .

[195]  A. Hopwood An Empirical Study of the Role of Accounting Data in Performance Evaluation , 1972 .

[196]  Janine Nahapiet,et al.  The roles of accounting in organizations and society , 1980 .

[197]  T. Hopper,et al.  Critical Theorising in Management Accounting Research , 2006 .

[198]  R. Hannan,et al.  The Combined Effect of Wages and Firm Profit on Employee Effort , 2005 .

[199]  W. Ouchi,et al.  Organizational Control: Two Functions. , 1975 .

[200]  Ken T. Trotman,et al.  The review process as a control for differential recall of evidence in auditor judgments , 1993 .

[201]  Peter Booth,et al.  The impact of an ethical environment on managers' project evaluation judgments under agency problem conditions , 2004 .

[202]  James A. Senn,et al.  Research in Management Information Systems: The Minnesota Experiments , 1977 .

[203]  Matthew D. Lieberman,et al.  The Sunny Side of Fairness , 2008, Psychological science.

[204]  A. Hopwood,et al.  Whither Accounting Research , 2007 .

[205]  Shannon W. Anderson,et al.  Doing Quantitative Field Research in Management Accounting , 2005 .

[206]  Canice Prendergast The Provision of Incentives in Firms , 1999 .

[207]  Gary M. Fleischman,et al.  Ethical Reasoning and Equitable Relief , 2007 .

[208]  P. Bougen The emergence, roles and consequences of an accounting--industrial relations interaction , 1989 .

[209]  S. Zamir,et al.  Bargaining and Market Behavior in Jerusalem, Ljubljana, Pittsburgh, and Tokyo: An Experimental Study , 1991 .

[210]  T. S. Amer Bias Due to Visual Illusion in the Graphical Presentation of Accounting Information , 2005, J. Inf. Syst..

[211]  K. Trotman,et al.  Effects of auditors' concession timing on financial officers' negotiation judgements. , 2007 .

[212]  Lisa Koonce,et al.  Using Psychology Theories in Archival Financial Accounting Research , 2005 .

[213]  Arnold M. Wright,et al.  Evaluation of Competing Hypotheses in Auditing , 1997 .

[214]  Michael D. Shields,et al.  The importance of national culture in the design of and preference for management controls for , 1999 .

[215]  Maurice Gosselin The effect of strategy and organizational structure on the adoption and implementation of activity-based costing , 1997 .

[216]  S. Quartz,et al.  The Right and the Good: Distributive Justice and Neural Encoding of Equity and Efficiency , 2008, Science.

[217]  Donald R. Jones,et al.  Reliance on Decision Aids: An Examination of Auditors' Assessment of Management Fraud , 1997 .

[218]  James H. Fowler,et al.  Egalitarian motives in humans , 2007, Nature.

[219]  G. Staffiero,et al.  Peer Pressure and Inequity Aversion in the Japanese Firm , 2007 .

[220]  P. Ferguson,et al.  MANAGEMENT CONTROL IN AN AREA OF THE NCB: RATIONALES OF ACCOUNTING PRACTICES IN A PUBLIC ENTERPRISE. , 1985 .

[221]  Donald V. Moser,et al.  Bonus versus Penalty: Does Contract Frame Affect Employee Effort? , 2005 .

[222]  S. Mark Young,et al.  Factors influencing the performance of activity based costing teams: a field study of ABC model development time in the automobile industry☆ , 2002 .

[223]  Sten Jönsson,et al.  Designing semi-confusing information systems for organizations in changing environments , 1978 .

[224]  Rajiv D. Banker,et al.  A field study of the impact of a performance-based incentive plan , 1996 .

[225]  Andrei Shleifer,et al.  Trust in Large Organizations , 1996 .

[226]  Jacob M. Rose Attention to Evidence of Aggressive Financial Reporting and Intentional Misstatement Judgments: Effects of Experience and Trust , 2007 .

[227]  Ingrid Jeacle,et al.  From moral evaluation to rationalization: accounting and the shifting technologies of credit , 2002 .

[228]  Dawn W. Massey,et al.  Auditors’ ethical reasoning: Insights from past research and implications for the future , 2003 .

[229]  Karen L. Sedatole,et al.  The Effect of Control Systems on Trust and Cooperation in Collaborative Environments , 2005 .