Contesting the “Nature” Of Conformity: What Milgram and Zimbardo's Studies Really Show

A re-analysis of classic psychology studies suggests that tyranny does not result from blind conformity to rules and roles, but may involve identification with authorities who represent vicious acts as virtuous.

[1]  George A. Akerlof Procrastination and Obedience , 1991 .

[2]  S. Reicher,et al.  Working Toward the Experimenter , 2012, Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

[3]  Jerrold M. Post,et al.  Crimes of Obedience , 2005 .

[4]  D. Mandel The Obedience Alibi , 1998 .

[5]  J. Simpson,et al.  The power of the situation: The impact of Milgram's obedience studies on personality and social psychology. , 2009, The American psychologist.

[6]  A. D. Jones,et al.  Obedience to Authority , 1974 .

[7]  S. Worchel,et al.  The Social psychology of intergroup relations , 1979 .

[8]  S. Milgram BEHAVIORAL STUDY OF OBEDIENCE. , 1963, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[9]  P. Zimbardo On rethinking the psychology of tyranny: the BBC prison study. , 2006, The British journal of social psychology.

[10]  Joseph Whitmeyer Crimes of Obedience: Toward a Social Psychology of Authority and Responsibility.By Herbert C. Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton. Yale University Press. 382 pp , 1990 .

[11]  P. Zimbardo The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil , 2007 .

[12]  D. Dolinski,et al.  Social Influence , 2007 .

[13]  Haim Watzman,et al.  Hitler's Bureaucrats: The Nazi Security Police and the Banality of Evil , 2002 .

[14]  S. Reicher,et al.  Beyond the Banality of Evil: Three Dynamics of an Interactionist Social Psychology of Tyranny , 2007, Personality & social psychology bulletin.

[15]  Philip G. Zimbardo,et al.  Study of Prisoners and Guards in a Simulated Prison , 1973 .

[16]  D. Packer Identifying Systematic Disobedience in Milgram's Obedience Experiments: A Meta-Analytic Review , 2008, Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

[17]  Michael J. Platow,et al.  The New Psychology of Leadership: Identity, Influence and Power , 2010 .

[18]  S. Reicher,et al.  When Prisoners Take Over the Prison , 2012, Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

[19]  H. Tajfel,et al.  An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. , 1979 .

[20]  Thomas Blass,et al.  Obedience to Authority: Current Perspectives on the Milgram Paradigm , 2000 .

[21]  S. Reicher,et al.  After shock? Towards a social identity explanation of the Milgram 'obedience' studies. , 2011, The British journal of social psychology.

[22]  Hannah Arendt,et al.  Eichmann in Jerusalem. A Report on the Banality of Evil , 1964 .

[23]  John C. Turner,et al.  Stereotyping and Social Reality , 1994 .

[24]  Raj Persaud,et al.  The Man Who Shocked the World: The Life and Legacy of Stanley Milgram , 2005, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[25]  Jolanda Jetten,et al.  Rebels in groups: Dissent, deviance, difference, and defiance , 2010 .

[26]  N. Russell Milgram's Obedience to Authority experiments: origins and early evolution. , 2011, The British journal of social psychology.

[27]  J. Bruner On perceptual readiness. , 1957, Psychological review.

[28]  A. Miller What can the Milgram obedience experiments tell us about the Holocaust?: Generalizing from the social psychology laboratory. , 2004 .

[29]  Hew Strachan,et al.  European Armies and the Conduct of War , 1983 .

[30]  N. Zaretsky The Holocaust in American Life , 2000 .

[31]  I. Kershaw ‘Working Towards the Führer.’ Reflections on the Nature of the Hitler Dictatorship , 1993, Contemporary European History.

[32]  Joakim Hammerlin,et al.  Evil and Human Agency: Understanding Collective Evildoing , 2006 .

[33]  J. Burger Obedience to Authority , 2011 .

[34]  S Milgram,et al.  Some Conditions of Obedience and Disobedience to Authority , 1965 .

[35]  Alison L Chasteen,et al.  Loyal Deviance: Testing the Normative Conflict Model of Dissent in Social Groups , 2010, Personality & social psychology bulletin.

[36]  Dominic J. Packer,et al.  On Being Both With Us and Against Us: A Normative Conflict Model of Dissent in Social Groups , 2008, Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

[37]  In Their Own Words : Explaining Obedience to Authority Through an Examination of Participants ' , 2011 .

[38]  D. Cesarani Eichmann: His Life and Crimes , 2004 .

[39]  P. Zimbardo A situationist perspective on the psychology of evil: Understanding how good people are transformed into perpetrators. , 2004 .

[40]  Stephen Bigger,et al.  The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil by Philip Zimbardo (Book Review) , 2009 .

[41]  Stanley Milgram,et al.  Issues in the study of obedience: A reply to Baumrind. , 1964 .

[42]  S. Milgram Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View , 1975 .

[43]  C. Helm,et al.  Stanley Milgram and the Obedience Experiment , 1979 .

[44]  A. Miller,et al.  The social psychology of good and evil , 2004 .

[45]  S. Reicher,et al.  Making a Virtue of Evil: A Five‐Step Social Identity Model of the Development of Collective Hate , 2008 .

[46]  S. Moscovici,et al.  Social Influence And Social Change , 1976 .

[47]  J. Burger,et al.  In Their Own Words: Explaining Obedience to Authority Through an Examination of Participants' Comments , 2011 .

[48]  M. Hogg,et al.  Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. , 1989 .