Energy-efficient high-performance parallel and distributed computing

High-Performance Computing (HPC) is a major contributor to cutting-edge research and discovery in science and technology. We can attribute several key research findings that were aided or validated by tests and simulations run on HPCs. Over the last decade, we have witnessed computing service providers to continually upgrade their infrastructures to HPCs that can meet the increasing demands of powerful newer applications. In parallel, almost in concert, computing manufacturers have consolidated and moved from stand-alone servers to rack mounted blades. The aforementioned trends alone are increasing electricity usage in large-scale computing systems, such as data centers, computational grids, and cloud computing. This increase in electricity utilization has reached to a point that many information technology managers are all up in arms to identify a holistic solution that can reduce electricity consumption (so that the total cost of operation is minimized) of their respective large-scale computing systems and simultaneously improve upon or maintain the current throughput of the system.