The development of the spatially correlated adjustment wavelet filter for atomic force microscopy data.

In this paper a novel approach for the practical utilization of the 2D wavelet filter in terms of the artifacts removal from atomic force microscopy measurements results is presented. The utilization of additional data such as summary photodiode signal map is implemented in terms of the identification of the areas requiring the data processing, filtering settings optimization and the verification of the process performance. Such an approach allows to perform the filtering parameters adjustment by average user, while the straightforward method requires an expertise in this field. The procedure was developed as the function of the Gwyddion software. The examples of filtering the phase imaging and Electrostatic Force Microscopy measurement result are presented. As the wavelet filtering feature may remove a local artifacts, its superior efficiency over similar approach with 2D Fast Fourier Transformate based filter (2D FFT) can be noticed.

[1]  Ahmet Palazoglu,et al.  Enhanced feature analysis using wavelets for scanning probe microscopy images of surfaces. , 2004, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[2]  Teodor Gotszalk,et al.  Application of FFT transformation for correlation analysis of near field microscopy measurements , 2009 .

[3]  Hiroshi Itoh,et al.  Artifacts of the AFM image due to the probe controlling parameters , 2011, Advanced Lithography.

[4]  Harald Fuchs,et al.  How to measure energy dissipation in dynamic mode atomic force microscopy , 1999 .

[5]  G. G. Stokes "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[6]  A. Sikora,et al.  New discotic-shaped azomethines with triphenylamine moieties: Thermal, structural behaviors and opto-electrical properties , 2010 .

[7]  Atomic Force Microscope Using an Optical Fiber Heterodyne Interferometer Free from External Disturbances , 1993 .

[8]  D. Nečas,et al.  Gwyddion: an open-source software for SPM data analysis , 2012 .

[9]  M. Davies,et al.  Interpretation of tapping mode atomic force microscopy data using amplitude-phase-distance measurements , 1998 .

[10]  M. Whangbo,et al.  Description of phase imaging in tapping mode atomic force microscopy by harmonic approximation , 1998 .

[11]  S. Peldszus,et al.  Development of a pore construction data analysis technique for investigating pore size distribution of ultrafiltration membranes by atomic force microscopy , 2013 .

[12]  P. Annibale,et al.  High-resolution mapping of the electrostatic potential in organic thin-film transistors by phase electrostatic force microscopy. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[13]  A. Sikora,et al.  Aliphatic–aromatic poly(azomethine)s with ester groups as thermotropic materials for opto(electronic) applications , 2010 .

[14]  Michael G. Ruppert,et al.  A novel self-sensing technique for tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. , 2013, The Review of scientific instruments.

[15]  H. Kumar Wickramasinghe,et al.  High‐resolution capacitance measurement and potentiometry by force microscopy , 1988 .

[16]  Urs Staufer,et al.  Symmetrically arranged quartz tuning fork with soft cantilever for intermittent contact mode atomic force microscopy , 2003 .

[17]  A. Sikora,et al.  Characterization of the different energy-gap multilayer structures using near field microscopy , 2009 .

[18]  Cees Otto,et al.  Removing interference and optical feedback artifacts in atomic force microscopy measurements by application of high frequency laser current modulation , 2004 .

[20]  F. Ahlers,et al.  AFM diagnostics of graphene-based quantum Hall devices. , 2012, Micron.

[21]  W. Richard Bowen,et al.  Artefacts in AFM studies of membranes: correcting pore images using fast fourier transform filtering , 2000 .

[22]  F. Kienberger,et al.  Improving the contrast of topographical AFM images by a simple averaging filter. , 2006, Ultramicroscopy.

[23]  Paul S. Addison,et al.  The Illustrated Wavelet Transform Handbook , 2002 .

[24]  M J Doktycz,et al.  Automated image analysis of atomic force microscopy images of rotavirus particles. , 2006, Ultramicroscopy.

[25]  A. Sikora,et al.  AFM study of the mechanical wear phenomena of the polyazomethine with thiophene rings: Tapping mode, phase imaging mode and force spectroscopy , 2012 .

[26]  Petr Klapetek,et al.  Methods for determining and processing 3D errors and uncertainties for AFM data analysis , 2011 .

[27]  Hemantha K. Wickramasinghe,et al.  Progress in scanning probe microscopy , 2000 .

[28]  Sidney R. Cohen,et al.  Force microscopy with a bidirectional capacitance sensor , 1990 .

[29]  I. Rangelow,et al.  Thermally driven piezoresistive cantilevers for shear-force microscopy , 2009 .

[30]  Gerber,et al.  Atomic Force Microscope , 2020, Definitions.

[31]  Comparative study of direct and indirect image‐based profilometry in characterization of surface roughness , 2012 .

[32]  V. Evtikhiev,et al.  Cross-sectional electrostatic force microscopy of semiconductor laser diodes , 2001 .

[34]  Antti Lassila,et al.  Design and characterization of MIKES metrological atomic force microscope , 2010 .

[35]  F. Gołek,et al.  AFM image artifacts , 2014 .

[36]  G.C.K. Abhayaratne 2D wavelet transforms with a spatially adaptive 2D low pass filter , 2004, Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Signal Processing Symposium, 2004. NORSIG 2004..

[37]  B. Bhushan Scanning probe microscopy in nanoscience and nanotechnology , 2010 .

[38]  Lukasz Bednarz,et al.  Dynamic speed control in atomic force microscopy to improve imaging time and quality , 2014 .