Magma discharge variations during the 2011 eruptions of Shinmoe-dake volcano, Japan, revealed by geodetic and satellite observations

We present precise geodetic and satellite observation-based estimations of the erupted volume and discharge rate of magma during the 2011 eruptions of Kirishima-Shinmoe-dake volcano, Japan. During these events, the type and intensity of eruption drastically changed within a week, with three major sub-Plinian eruptions on January 26 and 27, and a continuous lava extrusion from January 29 to 31. In response to each eruptive event, borehole-type tiltmeters detected deflation of a magma chamber caused by migration of magma to the surface. These measurements enabled us to estimate the geodetic volume change in the magma chamber caused by each eruptive event. Erupted volumes and discharge rates were constrained during lava extrusion using synthetic aperture radar satellite imaging of lava accumulation inside the summit crater. Combining the geodetic volume change and the volume of lava extrusion enabled the determination of the erupted volume and discharge rate during each sub-Plinian event. These precise estimates provide important information about magma storage conditions in magma chambers and eruption column dynamics, and indicate that the Shinmoe-dake eruptions occurred in a critical state between explosive and effusive eruption.

[1]  A. Woods,et al.  Transitions between explosive and effusive eruptions of silicic magmas , 1994, Nature.

[2]  T. Koyaguchi,et al.  Numerical determination of the efficiency of entrainment in volcanic eruption columns , 2009 .

[3]  Paul Segall,et al.  Earthquake and Volcano Deformation , 2010 .

[4]  T. Druitt,et al.  Vesicle connectivity in pyroclasts and implications for the fluidisation of fountain-collapse pyroclastic flows, Montserrat (West Indies) , 2003 .

[5]  O. Melnik,et al.  Dynamics of magma flow inside volcanic conduits with bubble overpressure buildup and gas loss through permeable magma , 2005 .

[6]  P. Wallace.  Volatiles in subduction zone magmas: concentrations and fluxes based on melt inclusion and volcanic gas data , 2005 .

[7]  D. Dingwell,et al.  Field-based density measurements as tool to identify preeruption dome structure: set-up and first results from Unzen volcano, Japan , 2005 .

[8]  T. Herring,et al.  Introduction to GAMIT/GLOBK , 2006 .

[9]  Youxue Zhang,et al.  Solubility of H2O in rhyolitic melts at low pressures and a new empirical model for mixed H2O–CO2 solubility in rhyolitic melts , 2005 .

[10]  気象庁,et al.  Time Variation of the Eruption Cloud Echo Height from Shinmoe-dake Volcano in 2011 Observed by Tanegashima and Fukuoka Weather Radars (Part 2) , 2012 .

[11]  Hiroshi A Takahashi,et al.  Development of the Crustal Tilt Observation Method Using Borehole-type Tiltmeters , 1980 .

[12]  Y. Okada.  Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space , 1992, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

[13]  C. Newhall,et al.  Explosive activity associated with the growth of volcanic domes , 1983 .

[14]  K. Mogi.  Relations between the Eruptions of Various Volcanoes and the Deformations of the Ground Surfaces around them , 1958 .

[15]  H. Sigurdsson,et al.  The intensity of plinian eruptions , 1989 .

[16]  Andrew W. Woods,et al.  The fluid dynamics and thermodynamics of eruption columns , 1988 .

[17]  A. Harris,et al.  Lava effusion rate definition and measurement: a review , 2007 .

[18]  H. Akaike.  A new look at the statistical model identification , 1974 .

[19]  Charles A. Williams,et al.  The effects of topography on magma chamber deformation models: Application to Mt. Etna and radar interferometry , 1998 .

[20]  Marcus I. Bursik,et al.  Effect of wind on the rise height of volcanic plumes , 2001 .

[21]  T. Kaneko,et al.  Constraining tephra dispersion and deposition from three subplinian explosions in 2011 at Shinmoedake volcano, Kyushu, Japan , 2014, Bulletin of Volcanology.

[22]  James H. Dieterich,et al.  Deformation from Inflation of a Dipping Finite Prolate Spheroid in an Elastic Half‐Space as a Model for Volcanic Stressing , 1988 .

[23]  A. Hashimoto,et al.  Tephra Fall Simulation for the Eruptions at Mt. Shinmoe-dake during 26-27 January 2011 with JMANHM , 2012 .

[24]  B. Voight,et al.  Implications of Magma Transfer Between Multiple Reservoirs on Eruption Cycling , 2008, Science.

[25]  Tetsuo Kobayashi,et al.  Eruptions of Shinmoedake Volcano, Kirishima Volcano Group, in the Last 300 Years , 1991 .

[26]  Hideki Ueda,et al.  Magma intrusion and discharge process at the initial stage of the 2000 activity of Miyakejima, Central Japan, inferred from tilt and GPS data , 2005 .

[27]  The mechanism of volcanic eruptions (a steady state approach) , 2003 .

[28]  T. Koyaguchi,et al.  Effects of gas escape and crystallization on the complexity of conduit flow dynamics during lava dome eruptions , 2012 .