Auditory Development Reflected by Middle Latency Response

&NA; The auditory middle latency response (MLR) seems to have a relatively long developmental time course, extending through the first decade of life. Characteristics of each MLR component change developmentally not only with respect to waveform morphology but also with respect to response reliability, dependence on awareness state, and stimulus rate. Both human and animal studies indicate that these complex changes may be a result of multiple generating systems that show multiple time courses of development. This framework has practical ramifications in that clinical and research studies of MLR in young children must take into account the development sequence. Furthermore, it cannot be assumed a priori that research results obtained from adults will apply to young children. The complexity of the process raises intriguing questions regarding the functional development of auditory perception.

[1]  M. Scherg,et al.  Evoked dipole source potentials of the human auditory cortex. , 1986, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[2]  E. Pöppel,et al.  Effects of benzodiazepines on mid-latency auditory evoked potentials , 1993, Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie.

[3]  J. Buchwald,et al.  Midlatency auditory evoked responses: differential effects of sleep in the cat. , 1986, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[4]  C. Newman,et al.  Differences in superficial and deep source contributions to middle latency auditory evoked potential Pa component in normal subjects and patients with neurologic disease. , 1991, Journal of the American Academy of Audiology.

[5]  J S Buchwald,et al.  Midlatency auditory evoked responses: differential abnormality of P1 in Alzheimer's disease. , 1989, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[6]  R. Erwin,et al.  Midlatency auditory evoked responses: P1 abnormalities in adult autistic subjects. , 1992, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[7]  Daniel B Hier,et al.  Auditory middle latency responses (MLRs) in patients with cortical lesions. , 1982, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[8]  H. Roffwarg,et al.  Ontogenetic development of the human sleep-dream cycle. , 1966, Science.

[9]  R. Engel Early Waves of the Electroencephalic Auditory Response in Neonates , 1971, Neuropadiatrie.

[10]  N. Longridge,et al.  Clinical manifestations of otological syphilis. , 1984, The Journal of otolaryngology.

[11]  T. Suzuki,et al.  Frequency composition of auditory middle responses. , 1983, British journal of audiology.

[12]  R P Lesser,et al.  Recording of auditory evoked potentials in man using chronic subdural electrodes. , 1984, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[13]  G. V. Simpson,et al.  Multiple brain systems generating the rat auditory evoked potential. I. Characterization of the auditory cortex response , 1993, Brain Research.

[14]  I. Hashimoto Auditory evoked potentials from the human midbrain: slow brain stem responses. , 1982, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[15]  G. V. Simpson,et al.  Multiple brain systems generating the rat auditory evoked potential. II. Dissociation of auditory cortex and non-lemniscal generator systems , 1993, Brain Research.

[16]  T. Glattke,et al.  Electrophysiologic response audiometry: state of the art. , 1977, Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders.

[17]  N. Kraus,et al.  Toward a strategy for analyzing the auditory middle-latency response waveform. , 1988, Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology.

[18]  L. Collet,et al.  Effect of sleep on middle latency response (MLR) in infants , 1988, Brain and Development.

[19]  J. Mäkelä,et al.  Cortical origin of middle-latency auditory evoked responses in man , 1987, Neuroscience Letters.

[20]  N. Kraus,et al.  Subcortical and cortical components of the MLR generating system , 1991, Brain Research.

[21]  K. Kavanagh,et al.  High pass digital and analog filtering of the middle latency response. , 1987, Ear and hearing.

[22]  T. Suzuki,et al.  Age-related morphological changes in auditory middle-latency response. , 1987, Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology.

[23]  Nina Kraus,et al.  Absent auditory brain stem response: Peripheral hearing loss or brain stem dysfunction? , 1984, The Laryngoscope.

[24]  J K Shallop,et al.  The effect of sleep on the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and the middle latency response (MLR). , 1985, Scandinavian audiology.

[25]  T. Rasmussen,et al.  Auditory evoked responses from the exposed human cortex. , 1968, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[26]  S Nittrouer,et al.  Discriminability and perceptual weighting of some acoustic cues to speech perception by 3-year-olds. , 1996, Journal of speech and hearing research.

[27]  Claude Alain,et al.  Middle latency auditory evoked potentials to tones of different frequency , 1995, Hearing Research.

[28]  N Kraus,et al.  Auditory middle latency responses in children: effects of age and diagnostic category. , 1985, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[29]  N. Kraus,et al.  Auditory middle-latency responses in humans. , 1983, Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology.

[30]  R. Klinke,et al.  Middle latency responses to acoustical and electrical stimulation of the cochlea in cats , 1995, Hearing Research.

[31]  G. V. Simpson,et al.  Generators of middle- and long-latency auditory evoked potentials: implications from studies of patients with bitemporal lesions. , 1987, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[32]  N. Kraus,et al.  Development of the middle latency response in an animal model and its relation to the human response , 1987, Hearing Research.

[33]  C. C. Wood,et al.  Scalp distribution of human auditory evoked potentials. II. Evidence for overlapping sources and involvement of auditory cortex. , 1982, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[34]  H. Pratt,et al.  Three‐Channel Lissajous' Trajectory of Human Middle Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials , 1994, Ear and hearing.

[35]  J. Mäkelä,et al.  Whole-head mapping of middle-latency auditory evoked magnetic fields. , 1994, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[36]  J M Badier,et al.  Evoked potentials recorded from the auditory cortex in man: evaluation and topography of the middle latency components. , 1994, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[37]  J K Shallop,et al.  A comparative study of measurements of SN-10 and the 40/sec middle latency responses in newborns. , 1983, Scandinavian audiology.

[38]  J R Wolpaw,et al.  Human middle-latency auditory evoked potentials: vertex and temporal components. , 1990, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[39]  G. Jacobson,et al.  Magnetoencephalographic Studies of Auditory System Function , 1994, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[40]  C. Fischer,et al.  Auditory evoked potentials in a patient with a unilateral lesion of the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body. , 1995, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[41]  Color imaging of the human middle latency response. , 1988, Ear and hearing.

[42]  N. Lassen,et al.  Middle components of the auditory evoked response in bilateral temporal lobe lesions. Report on a patient with auditory agnosia. , 1980, Scandinavian audiology.

[43]  T. Okitsu Middle components of the auditory evoked response in young children. , 1984, Scandinavian audiology.

[44]  T W Picton,et al.  Human Auditory Steady State Evoked Potentials during Sleep , 1985, Ear and hearing.

[45]  R. Greenwood,et al.  Cortical deafness A case report and review of the literature , 1980, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[46]  M Scherg,et al.  Distortion of the middle latency auditory response produced by analog filtering. , 1982, Scandinavian audiology.

[47]  Linda Watkins,et al.  A horseradish peroxidase study of parallel thalamocortical projections responsible for the generation of mid-latency auditory-evoked potentials , 1994, Brain Research.

[48]  D. F. Stegeman,et al.  The maturation of the central auditory conduction in preteram infants until three months post term. III. The middle latency auditory evoked response (MLR) , 1987, Hearing Research.

[49]  N Kraus,et al.  Clinical Implications of Primary and Nonprimary Pathway Contributions to the Middle Latency Response Generating System , 1993, Ear and hearing.

[50]  N. Kraus,et al.  Improving the Reliability of the Auditory Middle latency Response by Monitoring EEG Delta Activity , 1993, Ear and Hearing.

[51]  T. Teyler,et al.  A study of the auditory evoked magnetic field of the human brain. , 1980, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[52]  N. Kraus,et al.  Auditory middle latency responses in the guinea pig. , 1983, American journal of otolaryngology.

[53]  Clinical applications of the middle latency response. , 1990, Journal of the American Academy of Audiology.

[54]  W. Ritter,et al.  The sources of auditory evoked responses recorded from the human scalp. , 1970, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[55]  Scott Makeig,et al.  Inconsistency of auditory middle latency and steady-state responses in infants. , 1988 .

[56]  J R Wolpaw,et al.  Scalp distribution of human auditory evoked potentials. I. Evaluation of reference electrode sites. , 1982, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[57]  D. I. Smith,et al.  Midline and temporal lobe MLRs in the guinea pig originate from different generator systems: a conceptual framework for new and existing data. , 1988, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[58]  T W Picton,et al.  The human auditory steady-state evoked potentials. , 1991, Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum.

[59]  M. Cohen,et al.  Coronal topography of the middle latency auditory evoked potentials (MLAEPs) in man. , 1982, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[60]  J S Buchwald,et al.  Midlatency auditory evoked responses: differential recovery cycle characteristics. , 1986, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[61]  N. Kraus,et al.  MLRs in children are consistently present during wakefulness, stage 1, and REM sleep. , 1989, Ear and hearing.

[62]  N. Kraus,et al.  Rate and filter effects on the developing middle-latency response. , 1987, Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology.

[63]  J D Frost,et al.  Effect of sleep on the auditory steady state evoked potential. , 1986, Ear and hearing.

[64]  T. Suzuki,et al.  Auditory middle responses in young children. , 1983, British journal of audiology.

[65]  Yoshihiro Hirata,et al.  Cortical sources of middle latency responses of auditory evoked magnetic field , 1995, Hearing Research.

[66]  J. Frost,et al.  Rate and filter dependence of the middle-latency response in infants. , 1987, Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology.