Image guided 3D OCT for early diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of the bladder

Bladder carcinoma in situ (CIS) remains a clinical challenge. We compare the efficacies and potential limitations of surface imaging modalities, e.g., white light (WL), fluorescence (FC), blue-light imaging (BL) and 3D optical coherence tomography (3D OCT) for early diagnosis of bladder CIS. SV40T transgenic mice, which develop carcinoma in situ in about 8 to 20 weeks then high grade papillary tumor in the bladder, were employed as the rodent carcinogenesis model to closely mimic human bladder CIS. A total of 30 mice (i.e., SV40T mice blinded with its back strain Balb/c mice) were enrolled in the study, including 20 with CIS and 10 with normal or benign lesions of the bladder mucosa. Our results show that the low diagnostic sensitivities and specificities of WL, FC and BL for early CIS were significantly enhanced by quantitative 3D OCT to 95.0% and 90.0%, suggesting the value of image-guided 3D OCT for future clinical diagnosis of CIS in vivo.

[1]  D. J. Faber,et al.  Chapter 5 A new generation of optical diagnostics for bladder cancer : technology , diagnostic accuracy and future applications , 2011 .

[2]  Richard Sylvester,et al.  EAU guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of urothelial carcinoma in situ. , 2005, European urology.

[3]  Jingxuan Liu,et al.  Diagnosis of bladder cancer with microelectromechanical systems-based cystoscopic optical coherence tomography. , 2009, Urology.

[4]  H. Grossman,et al.  A comparison of hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy and white light cystoscopy for the detection of carcinoma in situ in patients with bladder cancer: a phase III, multicenter study. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[5]  M. Babjuk,et al.  Narrow band imaging cystoscopy improves the detection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. , 2010, Urology.

[6]  J. Witjes.  Bladder carcinoma in situ in 2003: state of the art. , 2004, European urology.

[7]  Jingxuan Liu,et al.  In vivo bladder imaging with microelectromechanical-systems-based endoscopic spectral domain optical coherence tomography. , 2007, Journal of biomedical optics.

[8]  J. Witjes,et al.  High-grade Ta urothelial carcinoma and carcinoma in situ of the bladder. , 2005, Urology.

[9]  Zhijia Yuan,et al.  On the possibility of time-lapse ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography for bladder cancer grading. , 2009, Journal of biomedical optics.

[10]  Yingtian Pan,et al.  High-resolution imaging diagnosis of human fetal membrane by three-dimensional optical coherence tomography. , 2011, Journal of biomedical optics.

[11]  Herbert Stepp,et al.  Role of 5‐aminolevulinic acid in the detection of urothelial premalignant lesions , 2002, Cancer.

[12]  Yingtian Pan,et al.  Fluorescence guided optical coherence tomography for the diagnosis of early bladder cancer in a rat model. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[13]  K. Shroyer,et al.  Enhancing detection of bladder carcinoma in situ by 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography. , 2010, The Journal of urology.

[14]  K. Shroyer,et al.  Early detection of carcinoma in situ of the bladder: a comparative study of white light cystoscopy, narrow band imaging, 5-ALA fluorescence cystoscopy and 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography. , 2012, The Journal of urology.