A double blinded randomised placebo‐controlled study of intramuscular pethidine for pain relief in the first stage of labour

Objective  It has recently been suggested that systemic pethidine is ineffective in relieving labour pain. This study aims to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of pethidine in labour.

[1]  M. Columb,et al.  Relative Analgesic Potencies of Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine for Epidural Analgesia in Labor , 2003, Anesthesiology.

[2]  T. Lavender,et al.  Parenteral opioids for labor pain relief: a systematic review. , 2002, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[3]  T. Lavender,et al.  Parental Opioids for pain relief: A systematic review , 2002 .

[4]  W. N. Ngan Kee,et al.  Combined spinal-epidural analgesia in labour: comparison of two doses of intrathecal bupivacaine with fentanyl. , 1999, British journal of anaesthesia.

[5]  D. Elbourne,et al.  Intramuscular opioids for maternal pain relief in labour: a randomised controlled trial comparing pethidine with diamorphine , 1999, British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[6]  S. Datta,et al.  Intrathecal Sufentanil and Epidural Bupivacaine for Labor Analgesia: Dose-Response of Individual Agents and in Combination , 1998, Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine.

[7]  M. Columb,et al.  Relative analgesic potencies of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for epidural analgesia in labor: implications for therapeutic indexes. , 1998, Anesthesiology.

[8]  Shiv k. Sharma,et al.  Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Trial of Epidural versus Patient-controlled Meperidine Analgesia during Labor , 1997, Anesthesiology.

[9]  A. Widström,et al.  Effects of routinely given pethidine during labour on infants' developing breastfeeding behaviour. Effects of dose‐delivery time interval and various concentrations of pethidine/norpethidine in cord plasma , 1997, Acta paediatrica.

[10]  J. Crowhurst,et al.  Opioids in labour—no analgesic effect , 1997, The Lancet.

[11]  C. Olofsson,et al.  Lack of analgesic effect of systemically administered morphine or pethidine on labour pain , 1996, British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[12]  K. Todd,et al.  Clinical significance of reported changes in pain severity. , 1996, Annals of emergency medicine.

[13]  Shiv k. Sharma,et al.  Randomized Trial of Epidural Versus Intravenous Analgesia During Labor , 1995, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[14]  M. Derde,et al.  Epidural analgesia in active management of labor , 1994, Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica.

[15]  T. Gin,et al.  Inter-ethnic differences in postoperative pethidine requirements. , 1992, Anaesthesia and intensive care.

[16]  K. Chan,et al.  Determination of pethidine and its major metabolites in human urine by gas chromatography. , 1991, Journal of chromatography.

[17]  F. Reynolds,et al.  Effect of Umbilical Perfusate pH and Controlled Maternal Hypotension on Placental Drug Transfer in the Rabbit , 1990, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[18]  H. Gilmour,et al.  Pethidine Compared with Meptazinol During Labour: A Prospective Randomized Double-blind Study in 1100 Patients , 1987 .

[19]  H. Gilmour,et al.  Pethidine compared with meptazinol during labour , 1987, Anaesthesia.

[20]  J. Dundee,et al.  A double‐blind comparison of intramuscular pethidine and nalbuphine in labour , 1986, Anaesthesia.

[21]  L. Vella,et al.  Comparison of the antiemetics metoclopramide and promethazine in labour. , 1985, British medical journal.

[22]  A. Smith Clinical trials , 1984, The Medical journal of Australia.

[23]  S. Pocock,et al.  Clinical Trials: A Practical Approach , 1984 .

[24]  J. Scanlon The influence of maternal analgesia on neonatal behaviour , 1982, British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[25]  H. T. Davenport,et al.  A study of pethidine kinetics and analgesia in women in labour following intravenous, intramuscular and epidural administration. , 1982, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[26]  J. Caldwell,et al.  THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL ANALGESIA ON NEONATAL BEHAVIOUR: I. PETHIDINE , 1981, British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[27]  P. Hartvig,et al.  Neonatal depression after obstetrical analgesia with pethidine. the role of the injection‐delivery time interval and of the plasma concentrations of pethidine and norpethidine , 1981, Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica.

[28]  K. Austin,et al.  Relationship Between Blood Meperidine Concentrations and Analgesic Response: A Preliminary Report , 1980, Anesthesiology.

[29]  M. Kendall,et al.  A quantitative gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of pethidine and its metabolites, norpethidine and pethidine N-oxide in human biological fluids , 1974 .

[30]  P. Singh,et al.  Randomized trial of epidural versus intravenous analgesia during labor. , 1996, Obstetrics and gynecology.