Chapter 7 – Marine biofouling protection: design of controlled release antifouling paints

This chapter describes the design and improvement of chemically active ship bottom paints known as “antifouling paints.” The chapter describes the challenges involved in working with such multicomponent, functional products and presents the available scientific and engineering tools. The research in this field includes both purely empirical formulation and test methods and advanced tools including mathematical modelling of paint behavior. First, the background of and problems associated with marine biofouling are presented, which is followed by a concise historical review on the diverse ideas of biofouling control that have been tried over the years. The chapter also discusses the characterization and working mechanisms of antifouling paints, detailing the various components and their function. Practical laboratory and field tests of antifouling paints are presented. The chapter discusses several legislations related to paint products. The requirements given by environmental legislation severely limit the introduction of new active ingredients, controlling the release of most biocides.

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