Caregiver burden: a concept analysis.

The development of the concept of burden for use in research lacks consistent conceptualization and operational definitions. The purpose of this article is to analyze the concept of burden in an effort to promote conceptual clarity. The technique advocated by Walker and Avant is used to analyze this concept. Critical attributes of burden include subjective perception, multidimensional phenomena, dynamic change, and overload. Predisposing factors are caregiver's characteristics, the demands of caregivers, and the involvement in caregiving. The consequences of burden generate problems in care-receiver, caregiver, family, and health care system. Overall, this article enables us to advance this concept, identify the different sources of burden, and provide directions for nursing intervention.

[1]  R. Sisk,et al.  Caregiver burden and health promotion. , 2000, International journal of nursing studies.

[2]  A. Baronet,et al.  Factors associated with caregiver burden in mental illness: a critical review of the research literature. , 1999, Clinical psychology review.

[3]  D. Moser,et al.  Effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for parents of high-risk neonates on perceived anxiety, control, and burden. , 1999, Heart & lung : the journal of critical care.

[4]  K. Chou,et al.  Burden experienced by caregivers of relatives with dementia in Taiwan. , 1999, Nursing research.

[5]  D. Southall,et al.  The experiences and views of parents who care for ventilator-dependent children. , 1999, Journal of clinical nursing.

[6]  R. Monsen.  Mothers' experiences of living worried when parenting children with spina bifida. , 1999, Journal of pediatric nursing.

[7]  Kurnat El,et al.  The impact of a chronic condition on the families of children with asthma. , 1999 .

[8]  U. Piamjariyakul,et al.  Fatigue in mothers of infants discharged to the home on apnea monitors. , 1999, Applied nursing research : ANR.

[9]  L. Degner,et al.  Measuring the care needs of mothers of children with cancer: development of the FIN-PED. , 1999, The Canadian journal of nursing research = Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmieres.

[10]  M. Y. Chen.  The effectiveness of health promotion counseling to family caregivers. , 1999, Public health nursing.

[11]  W. Avison,et al.  Asian immigrants and the stress process: a study of Koreans in Canada. , 1996, Journal of health and social behavior.

[12]  K. Mastrian,et al.  Predictors of caregiver health strain. , 1996, Home healthcare nurse.

[13]  S. Picot,et al.  Rewards, Costs, and Coping of African American Caregivers , 1995, Nursing research.

[14]  S. Fink.  The Influence of Family Resources and Family Demands On the Strains and Well‐Being Of Caregiving Families , 1995, Nursing research.

[15]  A. Booth,et al.  Multigenerational Caregiving and Well-Being: , 1995 .

[16]  J. Swan,et al.  The experiences of discrimination: challenges for chronically ill children. , 1994, Pediatric nursing.

[17]  R. Davidhizar.  Powerlessness of caregivers in home care. , 1994, Journal of clinical nursing.

[18]  D. Bennett,et al.  Depression among children with chronic medical problems: a meta-analysis. , 1994, Journal of pediatric psychology.

[19]  S. Reinhard.  Perspectives on the family's caregiving experience in mental illness. , 1994, Image--the journal of nursing scholarship.

[20]  D. Tartasky.  Hardiness: conceptual and methodological issues. , 1993, Image--the journal of nursing scholarship.

[21]  D. Schott-Baer.  Dependent care, caregiver burden, and self-care agency of spouse caregivers. , 1993, Cancer nursing.

[22]  H. Mccubbin,et al.  Culture, ethnicity, and the family: critical factors in childhood chronic illnesses and disabilities. , 1993, Pediatrics.

[23]  Nancy Fugate Woods,et al.  Demands of Illness and Individual, Dyadic, and Family Adaptation in Chronic Illness , 1993, Western journal of nursing research.

[24]  M. Skaff,et al.  Caregiving: role engulfment and the loss of self. , 1992, The Gerontologist.

[25]  P. Kulhara,et al.  Extent and determinants of burden among families of patients with affective disorders , 1992, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[26]  D. Monahan,et al.  Caregiver support groups: factors affecting use of services. , 1992, Social work.

[27]  V. Braithwaite.  Caregiving Burden , 1992 .

[28]  M. Oberst,et al.  Appraisal and caregiving burden in family members caring for patients receiving chemotherapy. , 1991, Oncology nursing forum.

[29]  M. Pilisuk,et al.  Caregiver burden: gender and the psychological costs of caregiving. , 1991, The American journal of orthopsychiatry.

[30]  J. Vessey,et al.  Primary Care of the Child With a Chronic Condition , 1991 .

[31]  O. J. Trask,et al.  Spousal caregivers of dementia victims: longitudinal changes in immunity and health. , 1991, Psychosomatic medicine.

[32]  H. Young,et al.  The screen for caregiver burden. , 1991, The Gerontologist.

[33]  J. E. Bowers,et al.  Factors Influencing Family Caregiver Burden and Health , 1990, Western journal of nursing research.

[34]  Nona Y. Glazer.  THE HOME AS WORKSHOP: , 1990 .

[35]  C. Shea.  Support for caregiving families , 1990 .

[36]  K. Robinson.  The relationships between social skills, social support, self-esteem and burden in adult caregivers. , 1990, Journal of advanced nursing.

[37]  J. I. Kosberg,et al.  Components of burden: interventive implications. , 1990, The Gerontologist.

[38]  J. Maurin,et al.  Burden of mental illness on the family: a critical review. , 1990, Archives of psychiatric nursing.

[39]  Karen Robinson.  Predictors of Burden Among Wife Caregivers , 1990, Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice.

[40]  M. Novak,et al.  Application of a multidimensional caregiver burden inventory. , 1989, The Gerontologist.

[41]  Anselm L. Strauss,et al.  Unending work and care: Managing chronic illness at home. , 1989 .

[42]  L. Pearlin.  The sociological study of stress. , 1989, Journal of health and social behavior.

[43]  L. Irvin,et al.  Support for Caregiving Families: Enabling Positive Adaptation to Disability , 1989 .

[44]  J. Romeis.  Caregiver Strain , 1989, Journal of aging and health.

[45]  A. Kazak,et al.  Families of chronically ill children: a systems and social-ecological model of adaptation and challenge. , 1989, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[46]  S. Matthews.  The burdens of parent care: A critical evaluation of recent findings , 1988 .

[47]  V. Tilden,et al.  Cost and Conflict , 1987, Western journal of nursing research.

[48]  S. Platt,et al.  Measuring the burden of psychiatric illness on the family: an evaluation of some rating scales , 1985, Psychological Medicine.

[49]  D. Stull,et al.  Measurement and the Analysis of Burden , 1985, Research on aging.

[50]  J. Leventhal,et al.  Marital adjustment to chronic childhood illness: a critique of the literature. , 1984, Pediatrics.

[51]  S. W. Poulshock,et al.  Families caring for elders in residence: issues in the measurement of burden. , 1984, Journal of gerontology.

[52]  N. Breslau,et al.  Care of Disabled Children and Women's Time Use , 1983, Medical care.

[53]  E. Thompson,et al.  The Burden of Families Coping with the Mentally Ill: An Invisible Crisis. , 1982 .

[54]  B. Philip,et al.  Models of Helping and Coping. , 1982 .

[55]  S. Zarit,et al.  Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. , 1980, The Gerontologist.

[56]  J. Hoenig,et al.  The Schizophrenic Patient in the Community and His Effect On the Household , 1966, The International journal of social psychiatry.

[57]  P. Sainsbury,et al.  Problems of Caring for the Mentally Ill at Home , 1966, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine.

[58]  Andrzej Zybertowicz,et al.  Conceptual and Methodological Issues , 2000 .

[59]  C. Pim.  The effects of family interventions on relatives' burden: A meta-analysis , 1999 .

[60]  S. Ostwald,et al.  Caregiver exhaustion: caring for the hidden patients. , 1997, Advanced practice nursing quarterly.

[61]  D. Biegel,et al.  Predictors of Caregiver Burden among Support Group Members of Persons with Chronic Mental Illness , 1994 .

[62]  K. Knafl,et al.  Family response to a child's chronic illness: a description of major defining themes , 1993 .

[63]  D. A. Jordan-Simpson,et al.  Gender inequalities in care-giving in Canada. , 1992, Health reports.

[64]  Theodore Constantine Bililies.  Ego Development and the Experience of Burden among Caregivers of the Elderly , 1989 .

[65]  K. Knafl,et al.  The process of parenting a child with a disability: normalization through accommodations. , 1988, Journal of advanced nursing.

[66]  Judith G. Gonyea,et al.  Caregiving and the experience of subjective and objective burden. , 1985 .

[67]  Lorraine O. Walker,et al.  Strategies for theory construction in nursing , 1983 .