Anti-obesity effect of Solidago virgaurea var. g igantea extract through regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis pathways in high-fat diet-induced obese mice (C57BL/6N)

ABSTRACT Background: Obesity is associated with an increase in adipogenesis and is becoming a serious health problem in modern society. Objective: The effects of various Solidago virgaurea var. gigantean (SV) ethanolic aqueous extracts on anti-adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells were investigated. In addition, the effect of SV 10% ethanolic extract (SV10E) on preventing obesity was studied in high-fat diet-induced obese mice (C57BL/6 N). Design: The effect of SV10E on preventing obesity was studied in mice (n = 6): normal-fat diet, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with 1% (10 g/kg) Garcinia cambogia extract of 60% (–)-hydroxycitric acid (positive control), HFD supplemented with 0.5% (5 g/kg) SV10E, and HFD supplemented with 2% (20 g/kg) SV10E. Results: SV10E showed the highest anti-adipogenic activity in vitro and reduced body weight gain, adipose tissue size, and liver weight, without affecting food intake in vivo. SV10E administration decreased the levels of total triacylglycerol and cholesterol in serum, and lipid metabolites in liver. Adipogenic and lipogenic genes such as PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, aP2, FAS, SCD-1, SREBP-1c, and CD36 in white adipose tissue and liver were suppressed by SV10E administration. Conclusion: SV10E can be a potent functional food ingredient for preventing HFD-induced obesity by suppressing adipogenesis and lipogenesis.

[1]  Yun-Ching Chang,et al.  Mulberry leaf polyphenol extract improves obesity by inducing adipocyte apoptosis and inhibiting preadipocyte differentiation and hepatic lipogenesis , 2016 .

[2]  S. Lim,et al.  Screening of Korean Natural Products for Anti-Adipogenesis Properties and Isolation of Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside as a Potent Anti-Adipogenetic Compound from Solidago virgaurea , 2016, Molecules.

[3]  J. Kim,et al.  Anti-obesity effect of extract from fermented Curcuma longa L. through regulation of adipogenesis and lipolysis pathway in high-fat diet-induced obese rats , 2016, Food & nutrition research.

[4]  M. Gonthier,et al.  Antioxidant polyphenol-rich extracts from the medicinal plants Antirhea borbonica, Doratoxylon apetalum and Gouania mauritiana protect 3T3-L1 preadipocytes against H2O2, TNFα and LPS inflammatory mediators by regulating the expression of superoxide dismutase and NF-κB genes , 2015, Journal of Inflammation.

[5]  H. Morita,et al.  Plant natural products as an anti-lipid droplets accumulation agent , 2014, Journal of Natural Medicines.

[6]  K. Shimamoto,et al.  Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 (FABP4): Pathophysiological Insights and Potent Clinical Biomarker of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases , 2014, Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology.

[7]  Hyun-Dong Cho,et al.  New vinegar produced by tomato suppresses adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and obese rat model. , 2013, Food chemistry.

[8]  Karen R Fitzgerald.  Review of article: Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010 by Katherine M. Flegal, PhD; Margaret D. Carroll, MSPH; Brian K. Kit, MD; Cynthia L. Ogden, PhD (JAMA 2012;307:491-7). , 2013, Journal of vascular nursing : official publication of the Society for Peripheral Vascular Nursing.

[9]  S. Engelsen,et al.  1H NMR-based metabonomics approach in a rat model of acute liver injury and regeneration induced by CCl4 administration. , 2013, Toxicology.

[10]  Katherine M Flegal,et al.  Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. , 2012, JAMA.

[11]  L. Lashinger,et al.  The growing challenge of obesity and cancer: an inflammatory issue , 2011, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[12]  C. Starks,et al.  Antibacterial clerodane diterpenes from Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea). , 2010, Phytochemistry.

[13]  G. Kaynak,et al.  Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Solidago virgaurea extracts , 2009 .

[14]  F. Visseren,et al.  Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases. , 2008, European heart journal.

[15]  S. Rayalam,et al.  Phytochemicals and regulation of the adipocyte life cycle. , 2008, The Journal of nutritional biochemistry.

[16]  T. Park,et al.  Garcinia cambogia Extract Ameliorates Visceral Adiposity in C57BL/6J Mice Fed on a High-Fat Diet , 2008, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[17]  Chongh-Wook Park,et al.  The Genera of Vascular Plants of Korea , 2008 .

[18]  H. Hull-Sanders,et al.  Comparison of foliar terpenes between native and invasive Solidago gigantea , 2007 .

[19]  G. Tarantino.  Should nonalcoholic fatty liver disease be regarded as a hepatic illness only? , 2007, World journal of gastroenterology.

[20]  F. Foufelle,et al.  SREBP-1c Transcription Factor and Lipid Homeostasis: Clinical Perspective , 2007, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[21]  S. Farmer.  Transcriptional control of adipocyte formation. , 2006, Cell metabolism.

[22]  G. Frühbeck,et al.  The adipocyte: a model for integration of endocrine and metabolic signaling in energy metabolism regulation. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[23]  R. Morrison,et al.  Hormonal signaling and transcriptional control of adipocyte differentiation. , 2000, The Journal of nutrition.

[24]  J. Ntambi,et al.  Adipocyte differentiation and gene expression. , 2000, The Journal of nutrition.

[25]  O. MacDougald,et al.  The Role of C/EBP Genes in Adipocyte Differentiation* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[26]  S. O’Rahilly,et al.  Regulation of adipose cell number in man. , 1997, Clinical science.

[27]  M. Khayyal,et al.  Study of the anti-inflammatory activity of Populus tremula, Solidago virgaurea and Fraxinus excelsior. , 1992, Arzneimittel-Forschung.