Temperature dependence of the fractional thermal load of Nd:YVO4 at 1064 nm lasing and its influence on laser performance.

Temperature dependence of thermal effect for neodymium doped yttrium orthovanadate crystal is quantified by measuring its dioptric power. With the boundary temperature range from 293 K to 353 K, the increase of fractional thermal load (lasing at 1064 nm, pumping at 888 nm) is from 16.9% to 24.9% with lasing, which is attributed to the rise of upconversion parameter and thermal conductivity. The influence of the boundary temperature on the output characteristic of a high-power single frequency laser is also investigated. The maximum output power decreases from 25.3 W to 13.5 W with the increase of boundary temperature from 293 K to 353 K. Analysis results indicate that further power scaling can be achieved by controlling the Nd:YVO(4) temperature to a lower.

[1]  C. Xie,et al.  Single-Frequency ${\rm Nd}{:}{\rm YVO}_{4}$ Laser at 671 nm With High-Output Power of 2.8 W , 2012, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[2]  W. Seka,et al.  Upconversion and reduced 4F(3/2) upper-state lifetime in intensely pumped Nd:YLF. , 1999, Applied optics.

[3]  Mauro Tonelli,et al.  Temperature-dependent stimulated emission cross section in Nd 3+ :YVO 4 crystals , 2009 .

[4]  T. Bauer,et al.  High-power 888-nm-pumped Nd:YVO4 1342-nm oscillator operating in the TEM00 mode , 2009 .

[6]  Patrick Georges,et al.  Temperature dependence of the emission cross section of Nd:YVO 4 around 1064 nm and consequences on laser operation , 2011 .

[7]  A. D. de Camargo,et al.  Auger upconversion energy transfer losses and efficient 1.06 μm laser emission in Nd3+ doped fluoroindogallate glass , 2006 .

[8]  W. C. Scott,et al.  Phonon-induced relaxation in excited optical states of trivalent praseodymium in laf sub 3. , 1964 .

[9]  D. Jaque,et al.  Temperature dependence of Nd3+↔Yb3+ energy transfer in the YAl3(BO3)4 nonlinear laser crystal , 2005 .

[10]  Chia-Chun Liao,et al.  Determination of the Auger upconversion rate in fiber-coupled diode end-pumped Nd:YAG and Nd:YVO4 crystals , 2000 .

[11]  J. George,et al.  Thermal lens measurement technique in end-pumped solid state lasers: Application to diode-pumped microchip lasers , 1999 .

[12]  Shengzhi Zhao,et al.  Temperature dependence of the 1.06-microm stimulated emission cross section of neodymium in YAG and in GSGG. , 2002, Applied optics.

[13]  S. Biswal,et al.  Minimizing Heat Generation in Solid-State Lasers , 2010, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[14]  Yung-Fu Chen,et al.  Optimization in scaling fiber-coupled laser-diode end-pumped lasers to higher power: influence of thermal effect , 1997 .

[15]  Ti Chuang,et al.  Energy transfer up-conversion and excited state absorption of laser radiation in Nd:YLF laser crystals , 1996 .

[16]  D. Jaque,et al.  Thermal lens and heat generation of Nd:YAG lasers operating at 1.064 and 1.34 microm. , 2008, Optics express.

[17]  M. Tateda,et al.  Heat generation in Nd:YVO4 with and without laser action , 1998, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[18]  M. Myers,et al.  Upconversion effect on fluorescence quantum efficiency and heat generation in Nd3+-doped materials. , 2005, Optics express.

[19]  Alexander V. Kir'yanov,et al.  The thermo-lensing effect in a grazing incidence, diode-side-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser , 2002 .

[20]  J. Jabczynski.  Modeling of diode pumped laser with pump dependent diffraction loss , 2000 .

[21]  H. Kogelnik,et al.  Laser beams and resonators. , 1966, Applied optics.

[22]  Kelly M. Currin,et al.  Revisiting the optical properties of Nd doped yttrium orthovanadate. , 2010, Applied optics.

[23]  C. Xie,et al.  High-Power Low-Noise Nd:YAP/LBO Laser With Dual Wavelength Outputs , 2011, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[24]  Patrick Georges,et al.  Characteristics of laser operation at 1064 nm in Nd:YVO4 under diode pumping at 808 and 914 nm , 2011 .

[25]  Yu-Pin Lan,et al.  Comparison between c-cut and a-cut Nd:YVO4 lasers passively Q-switched with a Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber , 2002 .

[26]  Walter Koechner,et al.  Thermo-Optic Effects and Heat Removal , 1999 .

[27]  D. N. Messias,et al.  Energy transfer upconversion determination by thermal-lens and Z-scan techniques in Nd 3+ -doped laser materials , 2009 .

[28]  D. Sardar,et al.  Stark components of 4F3/2, 4I9/2 and 4I11/2 manifold energy levels and effects of temperature on the laser transition of Nd3+ in YVO4 , 2000 .

[29]  P. A. Tanner,et al.  Theory of one-phonon-assisted energy transfer between rare-earth ions in crystals , 2002 .

[30]  D. Sardar,et al.  Stark components of 4 F 3 = 2 , 4 I 9 = 2 and 4 I 11 = 2 manifold energy levels and e ects of temperature on the laser transition of Nd 3 in YVO 4 , 2000 .

[31]  D. C. Hanna,et al.  Energy-transfer upconversion and thermal lensing in high-power end-pumped Nd:YLF laser crystals , 1999 .

[32]  R. A. Fields,et al.  Thermal modeling of continuous‐wave end‐pumped solid‐state lasers , 1990 .

[33]  W. A. Clarkson,et al.  Thermal effects and their mitigation in end-pumped solid-state lasers , 2001 .

[34]  Peter Dekker,et al.  Continuous-wave, intracavity doubled, self-Raman laser operation in Nd:GdVO(4) at 586.5 nm. , 2007, Optics express.

[35]  K. Peng,et al.  High-stability single-frequency green laser with a wedge Nd:YVO4 as a polarizing beam splitter , 2010 .

[36]  Gilles Pauliat,et al.  Determination of the energy diffusion and of the Auger upconversion constants in a Nd:YVO4 standing-wave laser , 2002 .