Detuning effects on implantable antenna at various human positions

The detuning and impedance mismatching of antennas that are implanted in a simulated human body is reported. The study was carried out using electromagnetic modelling based on the finite difference time domain method and a high-resolution male anatomical model. The implanted antennas operated in the Medical Implant Communication Service band. Maximum frequency shift and impedance mismatching caused by variations in the electrical properties of the body tissues and anatomical distributions are quantified.

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