Kongenitale alveolar-kapilläre Dysplasie

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie kongenitale alveolar-kapilläre Dysplasie (CACD) ist eine seltene Ursache der persistierenden pulmonalen Hypertension (PPHN) des Neugeborenen. Die Diagnose dieser idiopathischen PPHN ist zumeist eine Ausschlussdiagnose.FallberichtWir berichten über einen ungewöhnlichen klinischen Verlauf bei einem männlichen Säugling mit PPHN, welche ursächlich durch eine herdförmige CACD bedingt war.Nach unauffälligem postnatalen Verlauf dekompensierte das Neugeborene im Alter von 10 Wochen. Der Zustand besserte sich nach zweiwöchiger intensivmedizinischer, medikamentöser antipulmonal-hypertensiver und herzunterstützender Behandlung vorübergehend. Wenige Tage später verstarb der Patient an Herz-Kreislauf-Versagen. Die endgültige Diagnosestellung erfolgte nach Obduktion und histopathologischer Untersuchung des Lungengewebes anhand der typischen Zeichen für eine CACD.SchlussfolgerungBei jedem Neugeborenen mit PPHN ohne erkennbare sekundäre Störung ist die CACD differentialdiagnostisch in Betracht zu ziehen. Eine definitive Diagnosestellung der CACD ist nur durch eine offene Lungenbiopsie möglich.AbstractBackgroundCongenital alveolar capillary dysplasia (CACD) is a rare cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates (PPHN). This idiopathic PPHN is mostly diagnosed by exclusion.Case reportWe report an unusual clinical course in a male newborn with PPHN caused by patchy CACD.Following an uneventful postnatal period the infant decompensated at the age of 10 weeks. His condition improved temporarily after 2 weeks of intensive medical care including medication to combat the pulmonary hypertension and support the heart. A few days later the patient died of heart failure. The final diagnosis was established by autopsy and histopathological examination of the lung tissue, which exhibited typical signs of CACD.ConclusionsCACD should be considered in the differential diagnosis in all neonates with refractory PPHN when there is no recognizable secondary disturbance. Only an open lung biopsy can yield a definitive diagnosis of CACD.

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