This paper presents the results of a detailed study of the pain epidemiology and health related quality of life (HRQL) in 150 chronic non-malignant pain patients referred to a Danish multidisciplinary pain centre. Mean pain intensity was 71.6 (SD 18.5) on the VAS scale. HRQL was evaluated using the questionnaires: SF-36, HAD and PGWB. Compared with the normal population (NP) both physical, psychological and social well-being was severely reduced, and 58% were found to have a depressive or anxiety disorder. Sixty-three percent of the patients had neurogenic pain conditions. Of these, only 25% were treated with antidepressants or anticonvulsants. At referral 73% were treated with opioids. Mean opioid consumption was 64 mg of morphine per day. Patients had used the health care system five times more often than the NP (p < 0.001). The study showed that HRQL of chronic non-malignant pain patients is among the lowest observed for any medical condition.