State-of-the-Art Review

Environmental issues and greenhouse gas emissions, concerns of generating electricity by burning fossil fuel, and recent increase in energy price, the number of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) has been rising in recent years and will continue to grow. Modern electric power system at the same time is gradually evolving into a smarter grid with two-way flow of information and electricity between demand and supply. Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is considered to be an integral part and one of the most promising ideas to achieve this concept. It can provide a variety of applications for solving issues such as intermittency of wind and solar. The upward trends of PEVs and BESSs have made battery technology a key factor. Many research facilities and manufactures are working on developing the better battery for such applications. Lithium-ion type of battery is considered to be one of the most promising technology. Much has been written about the BESS, but there is not a comprehensive paper that deals with the application of battery. This paper hopes to close the gap between various technologies and application considerations.