Diagnostic challenges in otogenic brain abscesses.

INTRODUCTION Otogenic brain abscess (OBA) is a rare complication to otitis media, but one with a potentially devastating outcome. Early diagnosis of OBA is crucial for successful treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of OBA in a Danish population and to describe its clinical manifestation, management and outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 93 patients were retrospectively enrolled by diagnosis codes for brain abscess from 1999 to 2010. Records were reviewed to register age, symptoms, clinical findings, co-morbidity, imaging, microbiology and treatment. RESULTS Seven were found to have had an otogenic focus of infection. The incidence of OBA was 1/million, and the mean age was 43 years, ranging from ten to 81 years. Five patients had acute otitis media and two had infectious cholesteatoma. Four had previously suffered a head trauma. The young patients presented with symptoms indicative of meningitis and the elderly patients with symptoms resembling a stroke. None of the patients were treated with antibiotics before admission to hospital. No mortalities occurred, but three had sequelae in the form of hearing loss and/or neurological impairment. CONCLUSION The OBAs manifested with symptoms mimicking meningitis in young patients and stroke in elderly patients. Absence of fever does not rule out OBA; and regardless of any present ear symptoms, an ear, nose and throat examination should be performed without delay to locate the focus of infection and to facilitate targeted treatment. FUNDING not relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION not relevant.

[1]  W. Szyfter,et al.  Evolution in Management of Otogenic Brain Abscess , 2012, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[2]  C. Coulson,et al.  Transtemporal approach to otogenic brain abscesses , 2010, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[3]  K. Mohandas,et al.  Intracranial Abscesses: Changes in Epidemiology and Management Over Five Decades in Merseyside , 2009, Infection.

[4]  L. Luxon,et al.  The Ear, Hearing and Balance , 2008 .

[5]  A. M. Mishra,et al.  Analysis of microbial etiology and mortality in patients with brain abscess. , 2006, The Journal of infection.

[6]  G. Ribas,et al.  Surgical Management of Intracranial Complications of Otogenic Infection , 2006, Ear, nose, & throat journal.

[7]  M. Miura,et al.  Intracranial complications of chronic suppurative otitis media in children. , 2005, Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology.

[8]  Mario Mascalchi,et al.  Diffusion-weighted MR of the brain: methodology and clinical application. , 2005, La Radiologia medica.

[9]  O. Cruz,et al.  Intracranial complications of otitis media: 15 years of experience in 33 patients , 2003, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[10]  E. Leuthardt,et al.  Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the preoperative assessment of brain abscesses. , 2002, Surgical neurology.

[11]  C. B. Pedersen,et al.  Acute mastoidectomy in a Danish county from 1977 to 1996 with focus on the bacteriology. , 1998, International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology.

[12]  F. Tovi,et al.  Central nervous system complications secondary to oto-rhinologic infections. An analysis of 39 pediatric cases. , 1992, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology.

[13]  A. Sahar,et al.  Brain abscess , 1973, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[14]  J. Pennybacker,et al.  BRAIN ABSCESS: ASPIRATION, DRAINAGE, OR EXCISION? , 1951, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[15]  O. Sterkers,et al.  Brain Abscesses of Ear, Nose, and Throat Origin: Comparison between Otogenic and Sinogenic Etiologies , 1998, Skull base surgery.

[16]  K. Holmberg,et al.  The correlation between otoscopy and otomicroscopy in acute otitis media during healing. , 1985, Scandinavian audiology.