Thermodynamic properties of spin-polarized 3He gas in the temperature range 1 mK–4 K from the quantum second virial coefficient

The quantum second virial coefficient Bq of 3He↑ gas is determined in the temperature range 0.001–4 K from the Beth–Uhlenbeck formula. The corresponding phase shifts are calculated from the Lippmann–Schwinger equation using a highly-accurate matrix-inversion technique. A positive Bq corresponds to an overall repulsive interaction; whereas a negative Bq represents an overall attractive interaction. It is found that in the low-energy limit, Bq tends to increase with increasing spin polarization. The compressibility Z is evaluated as another measure of nonideality of the system. Z becomes most significant at low temperatures and increases with polarization. From the pressure–temperature (P–T) behavior of 3He↑ at low T, it is deduced that P decreases with increasing T below 8 mK.

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