16 – Hydraulic and pneumatic hybrid powertrains for improved fuel economy in vehicles

: This chapter describes the principle of operation and main features of hydraulic hybrids, including the typical architectures. it includes details of component design, both pump/motors (p/M) and accumulators, and describes modeling of components and integration into a complete vehicle system simulation. Case studies illustrate the approach to design and control of the parallel and series configuration, and summarize lessons learned through application of advanced simulations and optimization algorithms. Real-life applications and results achieved so far with prototypes or production vehicles are also presented. Section 16.5 is devoted to air-hybrids, their principle of operation, options regarding the configuration of the system and necessary engine modifications, and assessment of the fuel economy potential.

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