Salivary Biomarkers-A Review of Powerful Diagnostic tool

Early detection of any disease plays an important role in successful treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment reduces the severity and possible complications of disease activity. Human saliva is not just a fluid in our mouth, but it mirrors our body's health and well-being. Biomolecules that are circulating in the blood are also found in human saliva. It consists of approximately about 2,000 proteins, and 26% of these proteins are also found in blood, therefore it emphasizes saliva's importance as an added biological resource for disease diagnosis and monitoring, as well as an ultimate diagnostic medium to establish a person's response to treatment. It has been a great challenge in periodontologyto determine biomarkers for screening and predicting the early onset of disease (prognostic tests) or evaluating the disease activity and the efficacy of therapy (diagnostic tests). Traditional diagnostic measures, such as periodontal pocket depth, attachment level, plaque index, bleeding on probing and radiographic assessment of alveolar bone loss, are not necessarily the most efficient method for early diagnosis.Nowadays, clinical chairside tests are in use for more precise molecular diagnostics and treatments.A simple and non-invasive diagnostic tool that allows rapid screening, provides accurate predictive information and enables reliable evaluation of periodontal disease status would be of great value to both dentists and patients. The field of saliva diagnostics (SDs) began in the early 60s when salivary calcium levels were found to be elevated in cystic fibrosis patients, and 50 years since then how the field has unmitigated to an unpredicted distance due to the development of increasingly sensitive detection techniques. Hence, today in the era of nanotechnology and genomics, field of salivary diagnostics is promising a dramatic change in disease diagnosis and clinical monitoring. It has expanded into detection of cancer, heart and