Heart Metastases of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common genitourinary cancer. Of the several histologic types of RCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most frequent. Due to the development of imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the incidence of ccRCC diagnosis has increased rapidly. However, up to one third of patients at prime diagnosis of ccRCC are at metastatic stadium of the disease. Metastases of ccRCC are found mostly in the lungs, bones and liver. Metastasis of ccRCC to the heart is an uncommon clinical situation. We present a rare case of metastatic stadium of ccRCC with metastases to heart tissue visualized in transthoracic echocardiography.

[1]  Afshin Samali,et al.  Unfolded protein response at the cross roads of tumourigenesis, oxygen sensing and drug resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. , 2022, Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer.

[2]  I. Varkarakis,et al.  The role of imaging in the management of renal masses. , 2021, European journal of radiology.

[3]  C. Porta,et al.  Evaluation of Clear Cell, Papillary, and Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis Sites and Association With Survival , 2021, JAMA network open.

[4]  A. Jemal,et al.  Cancer Statistics, 2021 , 2021, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[5]  W. Rathmell,et al.  Clear cell renal cell carcinoma ontogeny and mechanisms of lethality , 2020, Nature Reviews Nephrology.

[6]  A. Mohammed,et al.  Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma , 2020, World journal of oncology.

[7]  Lorenzo Marconi,et al.  European Association of Urology Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma: The 2019 Update. , 2019, European urology.

[8]  Benjamin R. Lee,et al.  Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Analysis of Clinical Characteristics , 2019, Clinical genitourinary cancer.

[9]  K. Harada,et al.  Treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Japan , 2018, International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association.

[10]  B. Shuch,et al.  Obesity and renal cell carcinoma risk by histologic subtype: A nested case-control study and meta-analysis. , 2018, Cancer epidemiology.

[11]  A. Jemal,et al.  Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries , 2018, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[12]  D. Harrison,et al.  WHO/ISUP classification, grading and pathological staging of renal cell carcinoma: standards and controversies , 2018, World Journal of Urology.

[13]  Y. Riazalhosseini,et al.  Epigenome Aberrations: Emerging Driving Factors of the Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma , 2017, International journal of molecular sciences.

[14]  A. Ravaud,et al.  Nivolumab versus Everolimus in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. , 2015, The New England journal of medicine.

[15]  R. Blankstein,et al.  Tumors Metastatic to the Heart , 2013, Circulation.

[16]  Ralph DiGaetano,et al.  Hypertension and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma Among White and Black Americans , 2011, Epidemiology.

[17]  Han Yong Choi,et al.  The epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma. , 2011, European urology.

[18]  R. Sinha,et al.  Meat-cooking mutagens and risk of renal cell carcinoma , 2011, British Journal of Cancer.

[19]  P. Levendag,et al.  Cardiac metastases , 2007, International Journal of Clinical Oncology.

[20]  J. Roy.  [Cardiac metastases]. , 1969, L'union medicale du Canada.