Virtual and Real Time Navigational Techniques

All new technology should enable physicians to perform previously undoable tasks or solve unsolved problems, rather than dominating over reason as once elegantly stated by Scott Boden. This certainly applies to spinal surgery and navigational techniques that have developed over the past decade. Image-guided spinal surgery (IGS) is certainly a good addition to the armamentarium of a spine surgeon but, by any means, does not replace experience. However, there are certain types of operations where the extent of pathology is not directly visible, the resection volume of pathological tissue cannot be predicted, or the implant trajectory is out of sight of direct vision. Here, image-guided techniques have the potential to enhance the safety of such procedures.

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