Brain-Machine Interfaces for Assistive Robotics

Motor disability may be caused by many different conditions. The most common one is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) which occurs when the blood supply to the brain stops [1]. If the length of this interruption is longer than several seconds, brain cells can die causing a permanent damage in the patient. When this damage occurs in the brain areas responsible for motor control, the patients may suffer permanent or temporal loss of mobility, coordination and control of their limbs. Another important cause of motor disability is due to spinal cord injury (SCI), which provokes the total loss of sensibility and movement capability below the level of the injury [2]. In this case, the patient assistance must be purely based on motor substitution, given that it is impossible to perform a rehabilitation procedure. Finally, less frequent illnesses and diseases may cause motor disfunctions, such as cerebral palsy, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or central nervous system diseases such as Parkinson syndrome or Huntington disease.

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