Dynamics of Bose–Einstein-condensed vortex–antivortex superposed states in a two-dimensional infinite-depth square well

We investigate the dynamic properties of the vortex–antivortex superposed state (VAVSS) as well as the pure vortex state for a Bose–Einstein condensate released from a harmonic trap into a confining two-dimensional (2D) infinite-depth square well. It is shown that with the development of time the VAVSS as well as the pure vortex is destroyed gradually and fragmented into a series of interference patterns. After the VAVSS collides with the boundary walls of the 2D square trap, the density distribution of the system shows no diagonal axis symmetry concerning the leading diagonals of the 2D square trap, which is evidently different from the case of the pure vortex. The present work provides an additional criterion or alternative scheme for detecting the VAVSS. In addition, this scheme can also distinguish two degenerate VAVSS and discriminate the VAVSS with equal superposition ratio from those with unequal ratio.

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