An Integrated Full-Wave CMOS Rectifier With Built-In Back Telemetry for RFID and Implantable Biomedical Applications

This paper describes the design and implementation of an integrated full-wave standard CMOS rectifier with built-in passive back telemetry mechanism for radio frequency identification (RFID) and implantable biomedical device applications. The new rectifier eliminates the need for additional large switches for load modulation and provides more flexibility in choosing the most appropriate load shift keying (LSK) mechanism through shorting and/or opening the transponder coil for any certain application. The results are a more robust back telemetry link, improved read range, higher back telemetry data rate, reduced rectifier dropout voltage, and saving in chip area compared to the traditional topologies. A prototype version of the new rectifier is implemented in the AMI 0.5- mum n-well 3-metal 2-poly 5 V standard CMOS process, occupying ~ 0.25 mm2 of chip area. The prototype rectifier was powered through a wireless inductive link and proved to be fully functional in its three modes of operation: rectification, open coil (OC), and short coil (SC).

[1]  U. Kaiser,et al.  A low-power transponder IC for high-performance identification systems , 1995 .

[2]  Maysam Ghovanloo,et al.  A Wide-Band Power-Efficient Inductive Wireless Link for Implantable Microelectronic Devices Using Multiple Carriers , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[3]  P.R. Troyk,et al.  Closed-loop class E transcutaneous power and data link for MicroImplants , 1992, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[4]  W.J. Heetderks,et al.  RF powering of millimeter- and submillimeter-sized neural prosthetic implants , 1988, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[5]  Gianluca Lazzi,et al.  Transcutaneous Magnetic Coupling of Power and Data , 2006 .

[6]  Wentai Liu,et al.  Design and analysis of an adaptive transcutaneous power telemetry for biomedical implants , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[7]  Pascal Vivet,et al.  A new contactless smart card IC using an on-chip antenna and an asynchronous microcontroller , 2001 .

[8]  P. H. Peckham,et al.  Data transmission from an implantable biotelemeter by load-shift keying using circuit configuration modulator , 1995 .

[9]  Mani Soma,et al.  Radio-Frequency Coils in Implantable Devices: Misalignment Analysis and Design Procedure , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[10]  W. Ko,et al.  Design of radio-frequency powered coils for implant instruments , 1977, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[11]  C.M. Zierhofer,et al.  Geometric approach for coupling enhancement of magnetically coupled coils , 1996, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[12]  M. Ghovanloo,et al.  A Wireless Implantable Multichannel Microstimulating System-on-a-Chip With Modular Architecture , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[13]  Maysam Ghovanloo,et al.  A wideband power-efficient inductive wireless link for implantable microelectronic devices using multiple carriers , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[14]  R. White,et al.  A Wide-Band Efficient Inductive Transdennal Power and Data Link with Coupling Insensitive Gain , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[15]  Martin Fischer,et al.  Fully integrated passive UHF RFID transponder IC with 16.7-μW minimum RF input power , 2003, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits.

[16]  C.M. Zierhofer,et al.  High-efficiency coupling-insensitive transcutaneous power and data transmission via an inductive link , 1990, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[17]  Jun Guo,et al.  A Wireless Strain Sensing Microsystem with External RF Power Source and Two-Channel Data Telemetry Capability , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers.

[18]  Rahul Sarpeshkar,et al.  Feedback Analysis and Design of RF Power Links for Low-Power Bionic Systems , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems.

[19]  K. Najafi,et al.  A Modular 32-site wireless neural stimulation microsystem , 2004, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[20]  U. Kaiser,et al.  A low power transponder IC for high performance identification systems , 1994, Proceedings of IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference - CICC '94.

[21]  Nathan O. Sokal,et al.  Class of High-Efficiency Tuned Switching Power Amplifiers , 2009 .

[22]  M. Ghovanloo,et al.  Fully integrated wideband high-current rectifiers for inductively powered devices , 2004, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.