ECOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON SOME SPECIES OF BATS AT HUAHONGDONG CAVE IN KUNMING, YUNNAN

1. Miniopterus sckreibersi, Ia kngimana and Hipposideros armiger are active all night, while Myotis fimbriatus, M. ricketti, M, laniger, Rhinolophus ferrumequi-nmn and R. rex are active chiefly in early mornings (4 to 7 o'clock a.m.) and evenings (7 to 12 o'clock p.m.).2. The beginning of activities of those bats is rather accurate in time with variations of less than 10 minutes in the same season. The stimulative signal in initiating their activities is the general equivalence of temperature and humidity in and out of the caves.3. At the Hua-Hong-Tong region of Kunming, M. fimbriatus, M. ricketti, E. ferrumequinum, B. rex and B. pearsoni are endemic species, while H. armiger, M. schreibersi and Ia longimana, are migratory. These migrating species immigrate to Hua-Hong-Tong Cave in March and April and emigrate off in November and December.4. The density of populations varies with seasons. The maximum is in September and the minimum from January to March.5. During the period of giving births and feeding young, the male group and female group of H. armiger are dwelling in different caves. The two sexes of M. schreibersi behave in different ways. After the copulation season (August), most of the male bats perch individually, while most females dwell in groups.