Updated international consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia.

Over the last decade, there have been numerous developments and changes in treatment practices for the management of patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). This article is an update of the International Consensus Report published in 2010. A critical review was performed to identify all relevant articles published between 2009 and 2018. An expert panel screened, reviewed, and graded the studies and formulated the updated consensus recommendations based on the new data. The final document provides consensus recommendations on the diagnosis and management of ITP in adults, during pregnancy, and in children, as well as quality-of-life considerations.

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[9]  L. Vercellino,et al.  Autologous111Indium‐oxinate‐labelled platelet sequestration study in patients with immune thrombocytopenia treated by thrombopoietin receptor‐agonists , 2019, British journal of haematology.

[10]  J. Bussel,et al.  Health‐related quality of life in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenia treated with eltrombopag in the PETIT study , 2019, British journal of haematology.

[11]  J. Bussel,et al.  Long‐term fostamatinib treatment of adults with immune thrombocytopenia during the phase 3 clinical trial program , 2019, American journal of hematology.

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[17]  J. Bussel,et al.  Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) Frequently Experience Severe Fatigue but Is It Under-Recognized By Physicians: Results from the ITP World Impact Survey (I-WISh) , 2018, Blood.

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[29]  F. Brunetti,et al.  Systematic detection of portal or splenic vein thrombosis after splenectomy for immune cytopenia , 2018, American journal of hematology.

[30]  Y. Kagami,et al.  A low birth weight infant with no malformations delivered by a primary immune thrombocytopenia patient treated with eltrombopag , 2018, International Journal of Hematology.

[31]  Jiří Mayer,et al.  Fostamatinib for the treatment of adult persistent and chronic immune thrombocytopenia: Results of two phase 3, randomized, placebo‐controlled trials , 2018, American journal of hematology.

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[34]  J. Gottenberg,et al.  Efficacy and safety of rituximab for systemic lupus erythematosus‐associated immune cytopenias: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of 71 adults , 2018, American journal of hematology.

[35]  Y. Iwashita,et al.  Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia , 2018, Surgery Today.

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[37]  S. Vesely,et al.  Predictors of remission in children with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia: Data from the Intercontinental Cooperative ITP Study Group Registry II participants , 2018, Pediatric blood & cancer.

[38]  H. Al‐Samkari,et al.  Romiplostim for the management of perioperative thrombocytopenia , 2017, British journal of haematology.

[39]  J. Bussel,et al.  Safety and efficacy of long-term treatment of chronic/persistent ITP with eltrombopag: final results of the EXTEND study. , 2017, Blood.

[40]  J. Bussel,et al.  Treatment of Children with Persistent and Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: 4 Infusions of Rituximab and Three 4‐Day Cycles of Dexamethasone , 2017, The Journal of pediatrics.

[41]  J. Kelton,et al.  Misdiagnosis of primary immune thrombocytopenia and frequency of bleeding: lessons from the McMaster ITP Registry. , 2017, Blood advances.

[42]  M. Hernandez,et al.  Thrombopoietin receptor agonist switch in adult primary immune thrombocytopenia patients: A retrospective collaborative survey involving 4 Spanish centres , 2017, European journal of haematology.

[43]  Mohsen Saleh Elalfy,et al.  A randomized multicenter study: safety and efficacy of mini‐pool intravenous immunoglobulin versus standard immunoglobulin in children aged 1‐18 years with immune thrombocytopenia , 2017, Transfusion.

[44]  M. Hou,et al.  A novel recombinant human thrombopoietin therapy for the management of immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. , 2017, Blood.

[45]  L. Abenhaim,et al.  Childhood immune thrombocytopenia: A nationwide cohort study on condition management and outcomes , 2017, Pediatric blood & cancer.

[46]  Yanli Wang,et al.  Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy with different diagnoses , 2017, Medicine.

[47]  J. González-Porras,et al.  Efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in persistent and newly diagnosed ITP in clinical practice , 2017, International Journal of Hematology.

[48]  M. Lapeyre-Mestre,et al.  Newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia adults: Clinical epidemiology, exposure to treatments, and evolution. Results of the CARMEN multicenter prospective cohort , 2017, American journal of hematology.

[49]  Kevin L. Wethington,et al.  Risk of Epidural Hematoma after Neuraxial Techniques in Thrombocytopenic Parturients: A Report from the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group , 2017, Anesthesiology.

[50]  D. Patel,et al.  Sports participation recommendations for patients with bleeding disorders. , 2017, Translational pediatrics.

[51]  A. Cybulska,et al.  Measurements of immature platelets with haematology analysers are of limited value to separate immune thrombocytopenia from bone marrow failure , 2017, British journal of haematology.

[52]  F. Laskou,et al.  Thrombopoetin receptor agonist therapy in thrombocytopenia: ITP and beyond , 2017, British journal of haematology.

[53]  M. Steurer,et al.  Safety and efficacy of romiplostim in splenectomized and nonsplenectomized patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia , 2017, Haematologica.

[54]  R. Fanin,et al.  Rituximab in immune thrombocytopenia: gender, age, and response as predictors of long‐term response , 2017, European journal of haematology.

[55]  A. Matucci,et al.  Rapid infusions of human normal immunoglobulin 50 g/l are safe and well tolerated in immunodeficiencies and immune thrombocytopenia , 2017, International immunopharmacology.

[56]  Huiyuan Li,et al.  Long‐term results of splenectomy in adult chronic immune thrombocytopenia , 2017, European journal of haematology.

[57]  M. Steurer,et al.  A large observational study of patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia receiving romiplostim in European clinical practice , 2017, European journal of haematology.

[58]  M. Brouwers,et al.  Reporting Items for Updated Clinical Guidelines: Checklist for the Reporting of Updated Guidelines (CheckUp) , 2017, PLoS medicine.

[59]  Jie Jin,et al.  Multicentre, randomised phase III study of the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in Chinese patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia , 2017, British journal of haematology.

[60]  R. Brynes,et al.  A 2-Year, Longitudinal, Prospective Study of the Effects of Eltrombopag on Bone Marrow in Patients with Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia , 2016, Acta Haematologica.

[61]  V. Ramanan,et al.  Safety and efficacy of a 10% intravenous immunoglobulin preparation in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura: results of two international, multicenter studies. , 2016, Immunotherapy.

[62]  F. Xue,et al.  The Effect of Danazol in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia , 2016, Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis.

[63]  F. Pruvot,et al.  Reemergence of Splenectomy for ITP Second-line Treatment? , 2016, Annals of surgery.

[64]  A. Mondino,et al.  Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of children with immune thrombocytopenia and Evans syndrome. A retrospective data review from the Italian association of paediatric haematology/oncology , 2016, British journal of haematology.

[65]  F. Roudot-thoraval,et al.  Long-term complications of splenectomy in adult immune thrombocytopenia , 2016, Medicine.

[66]  W. Frenzel,et al.  Tolerability and safety of Octagam® (IVIG): a post-authorization safety analysis of four non-interventional phase IV trials , 2016, International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[67]  Matthew C. Miller,et al.  High-dose dexamethasone compared with prednisone for previously untreated primary immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2016, The Lancet. Haematology.

[68]  J. Payen,et al.  Reduced mortality by meeting guideline criteria before using recombinant activated factor VII in severe trauma patients with massive bleeding. , 2016, British journal of anaesthesia.

[69]  F. Mandelli,et al.  Health‐related quality of life and burden of fatigue in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia by phase of disease , 2016, American journal of hematology.

[70]  A. Cuker,et al.  How I treat refractory immune thrombocytopenia. , 2016, Blood.

[71]  P. Shah,et al.  Corticosteroids compared with intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. , 2016, Blood.

[72]  J. Zehnder,et al.  Gender and duration of disease differentiate responses to rituximab–dexamethasone therapy in adults with immune thrombocytopenia , 2016, American journal of hematology.

[73]  J. González-Porras,et al.  Eltrombopag safety and efficacy for primary chronic immune thrombocytopenia in clinical practice , 2016, European journal of haematology.

[74]  L. Abenhaim,et al.  Immune thrombocytopenia in adults: a prospective cohort study of clinical features and predictors of outcome , 2016, Haematologica.

[75]  D. Kuter,et al.  Remissions after long-term use of romiplostim for immune thrombocytopenia , 2016, Haematologica.

[76]  P. Forbes,et al.  Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonist Use in Children: Data From the Pediatric ITP Consortium of North America ICON2 Study , 2016, Pediatric blood & cancer.

[77]  A. Raj,et al.  Romiplostim in children with immune thrombocytopenia: a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study , 2016, The Lancet.

[78]  Aswath Kumar,et al.  A case of refractory immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy managed with elthrombopag , 2016, Asian journal of transfusion science.

[79]  M. Michel,et al.  How we manage immune thrombocytopenia in the elderly , 2016, British journal of haematology.

[80]  U. Dührsen,et al.  A Randomized Trial of Daily Prednisone versus Pulsed Dexamethasone in Treatment-Naïve Adult Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia: EIS 2002 Study , 2016, Acta Haematologica.

[81]  R. Fanin,et al.  Thrombopoietin receptor agonists for preparing adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia to splenectomy: results of a retrospective, observational GIMEMA study , 2016, American journal of hematology.

[82]  B. Chong,et al.  Changes in bone marrow morphology in adults receiving romiplostim for the treatment of thrombocytopenia associated with primary immune thrombocytopenia , 2016, Annals of Hematology.

[83]  V. Blanchette,et al.  A Phase 3, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study to Determine the Effect of Romiplostim on Health‐Related Quality of Life in Children with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia and Associated Burden in Their Parents , 2016, Pediatric blood & cancer.

[84]  P. Bierling,et al.  Vincristine efficacy and safety in treating immune thrombocytopenia: a retrospective study of 35 patients , 2016, European journal of haematology.

[85]  Gunawardena Dammika,et al.  Identifying the characteristics, natural behavioral pattern, and response to therapy in ITP in a multi-center population in Sri Lanka , 2016, Hematology.

[86]  M. Lee,et al.  Clinical efficacy and tolerability of vincristine in splenectomized patients with refractory or relapsed immune thrombocytopenia: a retrospective single-center study , 2016, International Journal of Hematology.

[87]  M. Hou,et al.  Thrombopoietin: a potential diagnostic indicator of immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy , 2016, Oncotarget.

[88]  M. Hou,et al.  High-dose dexamethasone vs prednisone for treatment of adult immune thrombocytopenia: a prospective multicenter randomized trial. , 2016, Blood.

[89]  Guk Jin Lee,et al.  Clinical Outcome and Predictive Factors in the Response to Splenectomy in Elderly Patients with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study , 2016, Acta Haematologica.

[90]  J. Viallard,et al.  Remission and platelet responses with romiplostim in primary immune thrombocytopenia: final results from a phase 2 study , 2016, British journal of haematology.

[91]  E. Neufeld,et al.  Sports Participation in Children and Adolescents with Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) , 2015, Pediatric blood & cancer.

[92]  M. Scully,et al.  Mycophenolate mofetil therapy for severe immune thrombocytopenia , 2015, British journal of haematology.

[93]  J. Bussel,et al.  Eltrombopag for children with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (PETIT2): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial , 2015, The Lancet.

[94]  Y. Miyakawa,et al.  Efficacy and safety of rituximab in Japanese patients with relapsed chronic immune thrombocytopenia refractory to conventional therapy , 2015, International Journal of Hematology.

[95]  D. Kuter,et al.  Romiplostim in the management of the thrombocytopenic surgical patient , 2015, Transfusion.

[96]  Y. Tomiyama,et al.  Efficacy and safety of the thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim in patients aged ≥65 years with immune thrombocytopenia , 2015, Annals of Hematology.

[97]  J. Bussel,et al.  Eltrombopag for the treatment of children with persistent and chronic immune thrombocytopenia (PETIT): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study. , 2015, The Lancet. Haematology.

[98]  J. Wasser,et al.  Integrated analysis of long-term safety in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopaenia (ITP) treated with the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist romiplostim , 2015, International Journal of Hematology.

[99]  A. Newland,et al.  Fatigue in immune thrombocytopenia , 2015, British journal of haematology.

[100]  R. Brynes,et al.  Evaluation of bone marrow reticulin in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia treated with eltrombopag: Data from the EXTEND study , 2015, American journal of hematology.

[101]  M. Steurer,et al.  Romiplostim Treatment in Adults with Immune Thrombocytopenia of Varying Duration and Severity , 2015, Acta Haematologica.

[102]  M. Calaminici,et al.  United Kingdom immune thrombocytopenia registry: retrospective evaluation of bone marrow fibrosis in adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia and correlation with clinical findings , 2015, British journal of haematology.

[103]  A. Waage,et al.  Rituximab as second-line treatment for adult immune thrombocytopenia (the RITP trial): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial , 2015, The Lancet.

[104]  J. González-Porras,et al.  Use of eltrombopag after romiplostim in primary immune thrombocytopenia , 2015, British journal of haematology.

[105]  J. Kelton,et al.  Rituximab plus standard of care for treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2015, The Lancet. Haematology.

[106]  D. Kuter,et al.  Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) switched to eltrombopag or romiplostim , 2015, International Journal of Hematology.

[107]  F. Hirahara,et al.  Clinical features of gestational thrombocytopenia difficult to differentiate from immune thrombocytopenia diagnosed during pregnancy , 2015, The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research.

[108]  P. Galan,et al.  Successful discontinuation of eltrombopag after complete remission in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia , 2014, American journal of hematology.

[109]  G. Salles,et al.  Safety and efficacy of rituximab in adult immune thrombocytopenia: results from a prospective registry including 248 patients. , 2014, Blood.

[110]  M. Romano,et al.  The choice of second‐line therapy in steroid‐resistant immune thrombocytopenia: Role of platelet kinetics in a single‐centre long‐term study , 2014, American journal of hematology.

[111]  J. Bussel,et al.  Long-Term Use of the Thrombopoietin-Mimetic Romiplostim in Children With Severe Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) , 2014, Pediatric blood & cancer.

[112]  M. Gandhi,et al.  A multi‐centre, single‐arm, open‐label study evaluating the safety and efficacy of fixed dose rituximab in patients with refractory, relapsed or chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (R‐ITP1000 study) , 2014, British journal of haematology.

[113]  L. Haverman,et al.  Health-related quality of life in children with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia , 2014, Haematologica.

[114]  P. Bierling,et al.  Effect of pregnancy on the course of immune thrombocytopenia: a retrospective study of 118 pregnancies in 82 women , 2014, British journal of haematology.

[115]  K. Lee,et al.  Natural course of childhood chronic immune thrombocytopenia using the revised terminology and definitions of the international working group: a single center experience , 2014, Blood research.

[116]  T. Pekmezović,et al.  Health-related quality of life in adult patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia in Serbia , 2014, Platelets.

[117]  L. Marcellin,et al.  Rescue Therapy With Romiplostim for Refractory Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia During Pregnancy , 2014, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[118]  G. Gaidano,et al.  Thrombotic risk in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia is only mildly increased and explained by personal and treatment‐related risk factors , 2014, Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH.

[119]  R. Elstrom,et al.  Rituximab and three dexamethasone cycles provide responses similar to splenectomy in women and those with immune thrombocytopenia of less than two years duration , 2014, Haematologica.

[120]  J. Bussel,et al.  A randomized trial of avatrombopag, an investigational thrombopoietin-receptor agonist, in persistent and chronic immune thrombocytopenia. , 2014, Blood.

[121]  C. Dash,et al.  Safety and Efficacy of Gammaplex® in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT00504075) , 2014, PloS one.

[122]  Yikun Qu,et al.  Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic splenectomy versus open splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. , 2014, International surgery.

[123]  J. Liu,et al.  Association of autoantibody specificity and response to intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in immune thrombocytopenia: a multicenter cohort study , 2014, Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH.

[124]  H. Nakasone,et al.  Prednisone versus high-dose dexamethasone for untreated primary immune thrombocytopenia. A retrospective study of the Japan Hematology & Oncology Clinical Study Group , 2014, Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis.

[125]  F. Roudot-thoraval,et al.  Hydroxychloroquine is a good second‐line treatment for adults with immune thrombocytopenia and positive antinuclear antibodies , 2014, American journal of hematology.

[126]  R. Hoover,et al.  Long-term risks after splenectomy among 8,149 cancer-free American veterans: a cohort study with up to 27 years follow-up , 2014, Haematologica.

[127]  M. Lapeyre-Mestre,et al.  Rituximab versus splenectomy in persistent or chronic adult primary immune thrombocytopenia: an adjusted comparison of mortality and morbidity , 2014, American journal of hematology.

[128]  D. Kuter,et al.  Thrombopoietin levels in patients with disorders of platelet production: Diagnostic potential and utility in predicting response to TPO Receptor agonists , 2013, American journal of hematology.

[129]  F. Roudot-thoraval,et al.  Efficacy and safety of rituximab given at 1,000 mg on days 1 and 15 compared to the standard regimen to treat adult immune thrombocytopenia , 2013, American journal of hematology.

[130]  J. Kelton,et al.  The effect of rituximab on vaccine responses in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. , 2013, Blood.

[131]  V. Blanchette,et al.  Quality of life in immune thrombocytopenia following treatment , 2013, Archives of Disease in Childhood.

[132]  A. James,et al.  Use of a Thrombopoietin Mimetic for Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Pregnancy , 2013, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[133]  Y. Miyakawa,et al.  Oral eltrombopag for up to three years is safe and well-tolerated in Japanese patients with previously treated chronic immune thrombocytopenia: an open-label, extension study , 2013, International Journal of Hematology.

[134]  M. Trivella,et al.  Antifibrinolytics (lysine analogues) for the prevention of bleeding in patients with haematological disorders. , 2013, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[135]  Y. Dallar,et al.  A comparison of intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg totally) and single doses of anti-D immunoglobulin at 50 &mgr;g/kg, 75 &mgr;g/kg in newly diagnosed children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: Ankara hospital experience , 2013, Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis.

[136]  M. Baccarani,et al.  Splenectomy as a curative treatment for immune thrombocytopenia: a retrospective analysis of 233 patients with a minimum follow up of 10 years , 2013, Haematologica.

[137]  Ki-Jo Kim,et al.  Thrombotic risk in patients with immune thrombocytopenia and its association with antiphospholipid antibodies , 2013, British journal of haematology.

[138]  G. Ruiz-Argüelles,et al.  High response rate to low‐dose rituximab plus high‐dose dexamethasone as frontline therapy in adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia , 2013, European journal of haematology.

[139]  F. Roudot-thoraval,et al.  A retrospective pilot evaluation of switching thrombopoietic receptor-agonists in immune thrombocytopenia , 2013, Haematologica.

[140]  J. Bussel,et al.  Long‐term treatment with romiplostim in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia: safety and efficacy , 2013, British journal of haematology.

[141]  J. Klima,et al.  Patterns of Inpatient Care for Newly Diagnosed Immune Thrombocytopenia in US Children’s Hospitals , 2013, Pediatrics.

[142]  P. Noris,et al.  Platelet size for distinguishing between inherited thrombocytopenias and immune thrombocytopenia: a multicentric, real life study , 2013, British journal of haematology.

[143]  J. Bussel,et al.  Standardization of bleeding assessment in immune thrombocytopenia: report from the International Working Group. , 2013, Blood.

[144]  M. Tarantino,et al.  Efficacy of eltrombopag in management of bleeding symptoms associated with chronic immune thrombocytopenia , 2013, Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis.

[145]  M. Moritz,et al.  Ciclosporin Use During Pregnancy , 2013, Drug Safety.

[146]  L. Kjeldsen,et al.  Rituximab and dexamethasone vs dexamethasone monotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. , 2013, Blood.

[147]  R. Vecchio,et al.  Long-term results after splenectomy in adult idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: comparison between open and laparoscopic procedures. , 2013, Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A.

[148]  J. Bussel,et al.  Repeated short‐term use of eltrombopag in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) , 2013, British journal of haematology.

[149]  S. Uslu,et al.  Comparison of anti-D immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone, or intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in newly diagnosed pediatric immune thrombocytopenic purpura , 2013, Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis.

[150]  L. Abenhaim,et al.  A case-control study to assess the risk of immune thrombocytopenia associated with vaccines. , 2012, Blood.

[151]  Udipta Ray,et al.  Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: an Indian experience. , 2012, Journal of the Indian Medical Association.

[152]  S. Alkindi,et al.  Successful treatment of severe thrombocytopenia with romiplostim in a pregnant patient with systemic lupus erythematosus , 2012, Lupus.

[153]  M. Šimkovič,et al.  Efficacy of rituximab in primary immune thrombocytopenia: an analysis of adult pretreated patients from everyday hematological practice , 2012, International Journal of Hematology.

[154]  F. Sedel,et al.  The French Gaucher’s disease registry: clinical characteristics, complications and treatment of 562 patients , 2012, Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases.

[155]  R. Fanin,et al.  Long‐term follow‐up analysis after rituximab salvage therapy in adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia , 2012, American journal of hematology.

[156]  N. Chang,et al.  A multicenter randomized controlled trial of recombinant human thrombopoietin treatment in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia , 2012, International Journal of Hematology.

[157]  E. Neufeld,et al.  Outcomes 5 years after response to rituximab therapy in children and adults with immune thrombocytopenia. , 2012, Blood.

[158]  J. Viallard,et al.  Evaluation of bleeding-related episodes in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) receiving romiplostim or medical standard of care , 2012, International Journal of Hematology.

[159]  A. Giagounidis,et al.  Health‐related quality of life in nonsplenectomized immune thrombocytopenia patients receiving romiplostim or medical standard of care , 2012, American journal of hematology.

[160]  Y. Miyakawa,et al.  A lower starting dose of eltrombopag is efficacious in Japanese patients with previously treated chronic immune thrombocytopenia , 2012, Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH.

[161]  J. Bussel,et al.  RhIG for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia: consensus and controversy (CME) , 2012, Transfusion.

[162]  K. Kirito,et al.  An open-label extension study evaluating the safety and efficacy of romiplostim for up to 3.5 years in thrombocytopenic Japanese patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) , 2012, International Journal of Hematology.

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