Usability of a Multimodal Video Game to Improve Navigation Skills for Blind Children

This work presents an evaluative study on the usability of a haptic device together with a sound-based video game for the development and use of orientation and mobility (O&M) skills in closed, unfamiliar spaces by blind, school-aged children. A usability evaluation was implemented for a haptic device especially designed for this study (Digital Clock Carpet) and a 3D video game (MOVA3D) in order to determine the degree to which the user accepted the device, and the level of the user’s satisfaction regarding her interaction with these products for O&M purposes. In addition, a cognitive evaluation was administered. The results show that both the haptic device and the video game are usable, accepted and considered to be pleasant for use by blind children. The results also show that they are ready to be used for cognitive learning purposes. Results from a cognitive study demonstrated significant gains in tempo-spatial orientation skills of blind children when navigating in unfamiliar spaces.

[1]  Dan Gärdenfors,et al.  Audio games: new perspectives on game audio , 2004, ACE '04.

[2]  Thomas Westin,et al.  Game accessibility case study : Terraformers - a real-time 3D graphic game , 2004 .

[3]  David Mioduser,et al.  Haptic-feedback support for cognitive mapping of unknown spaces by people who are blind , 2008, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[4]  Mauricio Lumbreras,et al.  3D Aural Interactive Hyperstories for Blind Children , 1998 .

[5]  Miguel Elías Science Learning by Blind Children Science Learning by Blind Children through Audio-Based Interactive Software , 2009 .

[6]  Vicki L. Hanson,et al.  PowerUp: an accessible virtual world , 2008, Assets '08.

[7]  Panos Markopoulos,et al.  Head Up Games: The Games of the Future Will Look More Like the Games of the Past , 2007, INTERACT.

[8]  Fredrik Winberg,et al.  Designing auditory displays to facilitate object localization in virtual haptic 3D environments , 2006, Assets '06.

[9]  Jaime Sánchez,et al.  Virtual Mobile Science Learning for Blind People , 2008, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[10]  Dimitrios Tzovaras,et al.  Design and Implementation of Virtual Environments for Training of the Visually Impaired , 2002 .

[11]  Jaime Sánchez,et al.  AudioGene: Mobile Learning Genetics through Audio by Blind Learners , 2008, Learning to Live in the Knowledge Society.

[12]  Robert D. Hannafin,et al.  Using Web-Based Computer Games to Meet the Demands of Today’s High-Stakes Testing , 2003 .

[13]  Won-Hyung Lee,et al.  Digital Game-Based Learning: An Agent Approach , 2007, HCI.

[14]  Susan A. Yoon,et al.  Developing games and simulations for today and tomorrow’s tech savvy youth , 2005 .

[15]  Andrew McMichael,et al.  PC Games and the Teaching of History. , 2007 .

[16]  Jaime Sánchez,et al.  User-centered technologies for blind children , 2008 .

[17]  Sarah A. Douglas,et al.  Finger dance: a sound game for blind people , 2007, Assets '07.

[18]  Jakob Nielsen,et al.  Usability engineering , 1997, The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook.

[19]  SánchezJaime,et al.  Usability of a Multimodal Video Game to Improve Navigation Skills for Blind Children , 2010 .

[20]  Ben Shneiderman,et al.  Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction (4th Edition) , 2004 .

[21]  Jaime Sánchez,et al.  Science problem solving learning through mobile gaming , 2008, MindTrek '08.

[22]  Domenico Prattichizzo,et al.  Bringing Haptics to Second Life for Visually Impaired People , 2008, EuroHaptics.

[23]  Stephen A. Brewster,et al.  Two-handed navigation in a haptic virtual environment , 2006, CHI EA '06.

[24]  Jaime Sánchez,et al.  Interactive 3D sound hyperstories for blind children , 1999, CHI '99.

[25]  Pilar Arnaiz Sánchez Deficiencias visuales y psicomotricidad: teoría y práctica , 1994 .

[26]  J. Piaget Play, dreams and imitation in childhood , 1951 .

[27]  F. J. Langdon,et al.  The Child's Conception of Space , 1967 .

[28]  Constance Steinkuehler,et al.  Learning in Massively Multiplayer Online Games , 2004, ICLS.

[29]  Henry Kelly,et al.  How to build serious games , 2007, CACM.

[30]  Peter Blatchford,et al.  A Short-Term Longitudinal Study of Children's Playground Games in Primary School: Implications for Adjustment to School and Social Adjustment in the USA and the UK. , 2004 .

[31]  Aidan Kehoe,et al.  Extending traditional user assistance systems to support an auditory interface , 2007, Artificial Intelligence and Applications.

[32]  B. Schneirdeman,et al.  Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction , 1998 .

[33]  M. Prensky Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 1 , 2001 .

[34]  Thomas Ertl,et al.  Design and development of an indoor navigation and object identification system for the blind , 2004, ACM SIGACCESS Access. Comput..

[35]  Jaime Sánchez,et al.  3D sound interactive environments for blind children problem solving skills , 2006, Behav. Inf. Technol..

[36]  David Mioduser,et al.  Construction of cognitive maps of unknown spaces using a multi-sensory virtual environment for people who are blind , 2008, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[37]  Francisco V. Cipolla-Ficarra A study of acteme on users unexpert of videogames , 2007 .

[38]  John Nicholson,et al.  RFID in robot-assisted indoor navigation for the visually impaired , 2004, 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566).

[39]  Dimitrios Tzovaras,et al.  Design and implementation of virtual environments training of the visually impaire , 2002, Assets '02.

[40]  M. Prensky Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants , 2001 .

[41]  Kurt Squire,et al.  Video games in education , 2003, Int. J. Intell. Games Simul..

[42]  Constance Steinkuehler,et al.  Cognition and Literacy in Massively Multiplayer Online Games , 2008 .

[43]  Luigi Proserpio,et al.  Teaching the Virtual Generation. , 2007 .

[44]  Christian Jacquemin,et al.  A Study of Spatial Cognition in an Immersive Virtual Audio Environment: Comparing Blind and Blindfolded Individuals , 2005 .

[45]  Owen Conlan,et al.  Immersive Digital Games: The Interfaces for Next-Generation E-Learning? , 2007, HCI.

[46]  Jaime Sánchez,et al.  AudioMath: Blind children learning mathematics through audio , 2005 .