Interpretable Real-Time Win Prediction for Honor of Kings—A Popular Mobile MOBA Esport

With the rapid prevalence and explosive development of Multiplayer Online Battle Arena electronic sports (MOBA esports), much research effort has been devoted to automatically predicting game results (win predictions). While this task has great potential in various applications, such as esports live streaming and game commentator artificial intelligence systems, previous studies fail to investigate the methods to interpret these win predictions. To mitigate this issue, we collected a large-scale dataset that contains real-time game records with rich input features of the popular MOBA game Honor of Kings. For interpretable predictions, we proposed a two-stage spatial–temporal network (TSSTN) that can not only provide accurate real-time win predictions but also attribute the ultimate prediction results to the contributions of different features for interpretability. Experiment results and applications in real-world live streaming scenarios showed that the proposed TSSTN model is effective in both prediction accuracy and interpretability.

[1]  Sam Devlin,et al.  Win Prediction in Multiplayer Esports: Live Professional Match Prediction , 2021, IEEE Transactions on Games.

[2]  Plamen P. Angelov,et al.  Explainable artificial intelligence: an analytical review , 2021, WIREs Data Mining Knowl. Discov..

[3]  Menghui Zhu,et al.  Which Heroes to Pick? Learning to Draft in MOBA Games With Neural Networks and Tree Search , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Games.

[4]  Paul Lukowicz,et al.  Detecting Video Game Player Burnout With the Use of Sensor Data and Machine Learning , 2020, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[5]  Bo Liu,et al.  Towards Playing Full MOBA Games with Deep Reinforcement Learning , 2020, NeurIPS.

[6]  Liang Wang,et al.  Supervised Learning Achieves Human-Level Performance in MOBA Games: A Case Study of Honor of Kings , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.

[7]  Freddy Lécué,et al.  Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Concepts, Applications, Research Challenges and Visions , 2020, CD-MAKE.

[8]  Yan Wang,et al.  Interpretable Real-Time Win Prediction for Honor of Kings, a Popular Mobile MOBA Esport , 2020, ArXiv.

[9]  Josip Job,et al.  The use of machine learning in sport outcome prediction: A review , 2020, WIREs Data Mining Knowl. Discov..

[10]  Arun Das,et al.  Opportunities and Challenges in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): A Survey , 2020, ArXiv.

[11]  Kai Song,et al.  Making real-time predictions for NBA basketball games by combining the historical data and bookmaker’s betting line , 2020 .

[12]  L. Longo,et al.  Explainable Artificial Intelligence: a Systematic Review , 2020, ArXiv.

[13]  Lemao Liu,et al.  Evaluating Explanation Methods for Neural Machine Translation , 2020, ACL.

[14]  Yoav Goldberg,et al.  Towards Faithfully Interpretable NLP Systems: How Should We Define and Evaluate Faithfulness? , 2020, ACL.

[15]  Hao Wu,et al.  Mastering Complex Control in MOBA Games with Deep Reinforcement Learning , 2019, AAAI.

[16]  Guang-Zhong Yang,et al.  XAI—Explainable artificial intelligence , 2019, Science Robotics.

[17]  Alejandro Barredo Arrieta,et al.  Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Concepts, Taxonomies, Opportunities and Challenges toward Responsible AI , 2019, Inf. Fusion.

[18]  Florian Block,et al.  Role Identification for Accurate Analysis in Dota 2 , 2019, AIIDE.

[19]  Klaus-Robert Müller,et al.  Towards Explainable Artificial Intelligence , 2019, Explainable AI.

[20]  Xing Wang,et al.  Towards Understanding Neural Machine Translation with Word Importance , 2019, EMNLP.

[21]  Victoria J. Hodge,et al.  Time to Die: Death Prediction in Dota 2 using Deep Learning , 2019, 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG).

[22]  Min Chen,et al.  Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Multi-agent MOBA Game , 2019, ArXiv.

[23]  Alison Watkins,et al.  Predicting the point spread in professional basketball in real time: a data snapshot approach , 2019, Journal of Business Analytics.

[24]  Bo Li,et al.  TStarBots: Defeating the Cheating Level Builtin AI in StarCraft II in the Full Game , 2018, ArXiv.

[25]  Amina Adadi,et al.  Peeking Inside the Black-Box: A Survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) , 2018, IEEE Access.

[26]  C. Rudin,et al.  This looks like that: deep learning for interpretable image recognition , 2018, NeurIPS.

[27]  Alison Watkins,et al.  A Data Snapshot Approach for Making Real-Time Predictions in Basketball , 2018, Big Data.

[28]  Yijia Liu,et al.  Distilling Knowledge for Search-based Structured Prediction , 2018, ACL.

[29]  Filip Karlo Dosilovic,et al.  Explainable artificial intelligence: A survey , 2018, 2018 41st International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO).

[30]  Lin Li,et al.  Outcome prediction of DOTA2 using machine learning methods , 2018, ICMAI.

[31]  Tian Wang Predictive Analysis on eSports Games: A Case Study on League of Legends (LoL) eSports Tournaments , 2018 .

[32]  Zhengxing Chen,et al.  Modeling Game Avatar Synergy and Opposition through Embedding in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena Games , 2018, ArXiv.

[33]  Dan Alistarh,et al.  Model compression via distillation and quantization , 2018, ICLR.

[34]  G. Wrenn Tower , 2017, Definitions.

[35]  Sam Devlin,et al.  Win Prediction in Esports: Mixed-Rank Match Prediction in Multi-player Online Battle Arena Games , 2017, ArXiv.

[36]  Dmitry I. Ignatov,et al.  Predicting Winning Team and Probabilistic Ratings in "Dota 2" and "Counter-Strike: Global Offensive" Video Games , 2017, AIST.

[37]  Martin Wattenberg,et al.  SmoothGrad: removing noise by adding noise , 2017, ArXiv.

[38]  Lukasz Kaiser,et al.  Attention is All you Need , 2017, NIPS.

[39]  Scott Lundberg,et al.  A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions , 2017, NIPS.

[40]  Ankur Taly,et al.  Axiomatic Attribution for Deep Networks , 2017, ICML.

[41]  Yifan Yang,et al.  Real-time eSports Match Result Prediction , 2016, ArXiv.

[42]  Peter Romov,et al.  Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting Game Outcome from Drafts in Dota 2 , 2016, AIST.

[43]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network , 2015, ArXiv.

[44]  Dursun Delen,et al.  A comparative analysis of data mining methods in predicting NCAA bowl outcomes , 2012 .

[45]  Rich Caruana,et al.  Model compression , 2006, KDD '06.

[46]  S. Hochreiter,et al.  Long Short-Term Memory , 1997, Neural Computation.

[47]  Bo Zhou,et al.  Collection and Validation of Psycophysiological Data from Professional and Amateur Players: a Multimodal eSports Dataset , 2020, ArXiv.

[48]  César Soto-Valero,et al.  Predicting Win-Loss outcomes in MLB regular season games - A comparative study using data mining methods , 2016, Int. J. Comput. Sci. Sport.

[49]  Kaushik Kalyanaraman,et al.  To win or not to win ? A prediction model to determine the outcome of a DotA 2 match , 2015 .

[50]  Nicholas Kinkade,et al.  DOTA 2 Win Prediction , 2015 .

[51]  Tianyi Zhang,et al.  Predicting the winning side of DotA 2 , 2015 .

[52]  Carson Kai-Sang Leung,et al.  Sports Data Mining: Predicting Results for the College Football Games , 2014, KES.

[53]  D. Perry,et al.  How Does He Saw Me ? A Recommendation Engine for Picking Heroes in Dota 2 , 2013 .