At policy level for the COVID-19 pandemic two main themes emerge, containment of infection (testing, tracing, and isolation) and vaccination. The pandemic has stimulated rapid development of vaccine candidates that are in various phases of clinical trials, some of which are advanced with regulatory approvals expected early in the new year. However, even with vaccination on the horizon there are multiple constraints to overcome before this pandemic will be consigned to history. The enormous task of vaccine production and distribution, possibly involving repeated vaccinations and management of non-compliance within populations are a major challenge for 21 century Global Public Health policy. Multiple “waves” of infection are expected to sweep across the globe in the coming winter months, confounded with seasonal flu and other winter viral infections. Once this pandemic is vanquished how do we prepare more effectively for the next? Emerging infections are becoming more and more frequent with increased human encroachment into animal habitats and increased pandemic preparedness is needed. Communication is critical between governments to develop and adopt synergistic technologies for global prevention and control, to address bottlenecks for essential medicines and equipment and to work together in biosecurity to mitigate risks of emerging infectious diseases, putting in place robust and effective surveillance and control measures. Smartphone technology is becoming ubiquitous and many countries have developed tracing apps to inform a user of potential exposure to an infected person and to support and in some cases enforce self-isolation to prevent viral spread. However, never had there been such high demand for diagnostic
[1]
Heidi Ledford,et al.
COVID-vaccine results are on the way — and scientists’ concerns are growing
,
2020,
Nature.
[2]
J. Cramer,et al.
Evolution of the COVID-19 vaccine development landscape
,
2020,
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.
[3]
C. Sheridan.
COVID-19 spurs wave of innovative diagnostics
,
2020,
Nature Biotechnology.
[4]
Bui Thi Cuc,et al.
Development of a smartphone-based rapid dual fluorescent diagnostic system for the simultaneous detection of influenza A and H5 subtype in avian influenza A-infected patients
,
2018,
Theranostics.
[5]
W. Chan,et al.
State of Diagnosing Infectious Pathogens Using Colloidal Nanomaterials 1
,
2017
.
[6]
F. Bushman,et al.
Miniaturized devices for point of care molecular detection of HIV.
,
2017,
Lab on a chip.
[7]
Lukas Novotny,et al.
Nano-optofluidic detection of single viruses and nanoparticles.
,
2010,
ACS nano.
[8]
Aurel Ymeti,et al.
An ultrasensitive Young interferometer handheld sensor for rapid virus detection
,
2007,
Expert review of medical devices.
[9]
Gengfeng Zheng,et al.
Electrical detection of single viruses.
,
2004,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.