Electrical stimulation in normal and retinal degeneration (rd1) isolated mouse retina

Stimulus threshold and response latencies were measured for electrically elicited retinal ganglion cell responses in retina isolated from the eyes of normal and retinal degenerate (rd1) mice. Stimulation of the ganglion cell-side in normal retina yielded a significantly lower mean threshold and shorter latency when compared with stimulation of the photoreceptor side in normal retina. The latency of the ganglion cell-side stimulation in normal retina also proved to be significantly shorter than the latency for stimulation of the ganglion cell side in rd1 retina. Thus both the electrode positioning as well as the health of the retinal tissue play a role in the stimulating current required to elicit a retinal response.

[1]  J. Wyatt,et al.  REVIEW ■ : Prospects for a Visual Prosthesis , 1997 .

[2]  X. Beebe,et al.  Charge injection limits of activated iridium oxide electrodes with 0.2 ms pulses in bicarbonate buffered saline (neurological stimulation application) , 1988, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[3]  J. Rizzo,et al.  Multi-electrode stimulation and recording in the isolated retina , 2000, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[4]  R. Eckmiller.  Learning retina implants with epiretinal contacts. , 1997, Ophthalmic research.

[5]  R. H. Propst,et al.  Visual perception elicited by electrical stimulation of retina in blind humans. , 1996, Archives of ophthalmology.

[6]  Vision Research , 1961, Nature.

[7]  J. Nathans,et al.  A Novel Signaling Pathway from Rod Photoreceptors to Ganglion Cells in Mammalian Retina , 1998, Neuron.

[8]  S. W. Kuffler.  Discharge patterns and functional organization of mammalian retina. , 1953, Journal of neurophysiology.

[9]  A. Milam,et al.  Preservation of the inner retina in retinitis pigmentosa. A morphometric analysis. , 1997, Archives of ophthalmology.

[10]  B. Jones,et al.  Neural remodeling in retinal degeneration , 2003, Progress in Retinal and Eye Research.

[11]  E. Strettoi,et al.  Modifications of retinal neurons in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  D. Northmore,et al.  Axonal conduction velocities of functionally characterized retinal ganglion cells in goldfish , 1998, The Journal of physiology.

[13]  M. Murray,et al.  Protein synthesis and axonal transport in retinal ganglion cells of mice lacking visual receptors. , 1972, Brain research.

[14]  R. Sidman,et al.  Differential effect of the rd mutation on rods and cones in the mouse retina. , 1978, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[15]  J. Weiland,et al.  Pattern electrical stimulation of the human retina , 1999, Vision Research.

[16]  M. Humayun,et al.  Increased spontaneous retinal ganglion cell activity in rd mice after neural retinal transplantation. , 2002, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[17]  K. Tansley.  Hereditary Degeneration of the Mouse Retina * , 1951, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[18]  R. Brückner.  Spaltlampenmikroskopie und Ophthalmoskopie am Auge von Ratte und Maus , 2004, Documenta Ophthalmologica.

[19]  A. Y. Chow,et al.  Subretinal electrical stimulation of the rabbit retina , 1997, Neuroscience Letters.

[20]  C A Curcio,et al.  Preservation of ganglion cell layer neurons in age-related macular degeneration. , 2001, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[21]  D. Hubel,et al.  Studies of visual function and its decay in mice with hereditary retinal degeneration , 1978, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[22]  L. Hyman,et al.  Epidemiology of eye disease in the elderly , 1987, Eye.

[23]  John Michael.  Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Principles and Practice , 1994 .

[24]  E. Zrenner,et al.  Can subretinal microphotodiodes successfully replace degenerated photoreceptors? , 1999, Vision Research.

[25]  J. Weiland,et al.  Perceptual thresholds and electrode impedance in three retinal prosthesis subjects , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[26]  R. Liebelt,et al.  The postnatal development of the retina in the normal and rodless CBA mouse: a light and electron microscopic study. , 1972, The American journal of anatomy.

[27]  Joseph F Rizzo,et al.  Responses of rabbit retinal ganglion cells to electrical stimulation with an epiretinal electrode , 2005, Journal of neural engineering.