Widowhood and mortality among the elderly: the modifying role of neighborhood concentration of widowed individuals.

[1]  M. Lindström Marital status, social capital, material conditions and self-rated health: a population-based study. , 2009, Health policy.

[2]  Matthew E. Kahn,et al.  Health, Stress, and Social Networks: Evidence from Union Army Veterans , 2008 .

[3]  Nicholas A Christakis,et al.  The effect of widowhood on mortality by the causes of death of both spouses. , 2008, American journal of public health.

[4]  I. Kawachi,et al.  Neighbourhood influences on health , 2006, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

[5]  Jarvis T. Chen,et al.  Comparing individual- and area-based socioeconomic measures for the surveillance of health disparities: A multilevel analysis of Massachusetts births, 1989-1991. , 2006, American journal of epidemiology.

[6]  Lynn E Eberly,et al.  ZIP-code-based versus tract-based income measures as long-term risk-adjusted mortality predictors. , 2006, American journal of epidemiology.

[7]  Jarvis T. Chen,et al.  Mapping and Measuring Social Disparities in Premature Mortality: The Impact of Census Tract Poverty within and across Boston Neighborhoods, 1999–2001 , 2006, Journal of Urban Health.

[8]  L. Berkman,et al.  Neighborhood effects on the self-rated health of elders: uncovering the relative importance of structural and service-related neighborhood environments. , 2006, The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences.

[9]  P. Allison,et al.  Mortality after the hospitalization of a spouse. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[10]  F. Elwert,et al.  Widowhood and Race , 2006 .

[11]  C. Croux,et al.  The impact of education on third births. A multilevel discrete-time hazard analysis , 2005 .

[12]  N. Christakis,et al.  Neighborhood effects on posthospitalization mortality: a population-based cohort study of the elderly in Chicago. , 2005, Health services research.

[13]  Risto Lehtonen,et al.  Multilevel Statistical Models , 2005 .

[14]  Nancy Krieger,et al.  Racial disparities in context: a multilevel analysis of neighborhood variations in poverty and excess mortality among black populations in Massachusetts. , 2005, American journal of public health.

[15]  S V Subramanian,et al.  Painting a truer picture of US socioeconomic and racial/ethnic health inequalities: the Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project. , 2005, American journal of public health.

[16]  K. Rook,et al.  Substitution and compensation in the social networks of older widowed women. , 2004, Psychology and aging.

[17]  P. Murphy,et al.  NEIGHBORHOODS AND HEALTH , 2004 .

[18]  S V Subramanian,et al.  The relevance of multilevel statistical methods for identifying causal neighborhood effects. , 2004, Social science & medicine.

[19]  N. Christakis,et al.  Marriage, widowhood, and health-care use. , 2003, Social science & medicine.

[20]  K. Fingerman,et al.  Growing Together: Personal Relationships Across the Life Span , 2003 .

[21]  R. Sampson,et al.  The Neighborhood Context of Well-Being , 2003, Perspectives in biology and medicine.

[22]  Fiona Steele,et al.  A Discrete-Time Multilevel Mixture Model for Event History Data with Long-Term Survivors, with an Application to an Analysis of Contraceptive Sterilization in Bangladesh , 2003, Lifetime data analysis.

[23]  Harvey Goldstein,et al.  Multilevel modelling of medical data , 2002, Statistics in medicine.

[24]  C. Fischer Ever‐More Rooted Americans , 2002 .

[25]  N. Christakis,et al.  Finding Married Couples in Medicare Claims Data , 2002, Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology.

[26]  K. Pickett,et al.  Multilevel analyses of neighbourhood socioeconomic context and health outcomes: a critical review , 2001, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[27]  P. Sorlie,et al.  Marital status and mortality: the national longitudinal mortality study. , 2000, Annals of epidemiology.

[28]  F B Hu,et al.  Random-effects regression analysis of correlated grouped-time survival data , 2000, Statistical methods in medical research.

[29]  N. Christakis,et al.  The performance of different lookback periods and sources of information for Charlson comorbidity adjustment in Medicare claims. , 1999, Medical care.

[30]  P. Dykstra,et al.  Rebuilding the network: New relationships in widowhood , 1996 .

[31]  P. Martikainen,et al.  Mortality after the death of a spouse: rates and causes of death in a large Finnish cohort. , 1996, American journal of public health.

[32]  P. Martikainen,et al.  Mortality after death of spouse in relation to duration of bereavement in Finland. , 1996, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[33]  Harvey Goldstein,et al.  Improved Approximations for Multilevel Models with Binary Responses , 1996 .

[34]  D. Lauderdale,et al.  The expanded racial and ethnic codes in the Medicare data files: their completeness of coverage and accuracy. , 1996, American journal of public health.

[35]  C. Quesenberry,et al.  Mortality following conjugal bereavement and the effects of a shared environment. , 1995, American journal of epidemiology.

[36]  L. Waite,et al.  'Til Death Do Us Part: Marital Disruption and Mortality , 1995, American Journal of Sociology.

[37]  Frieder R. Lang,et al.  Close emotional relationships in late life: further support for proactive aging in the social domain. , 1994, Psychology and aging.

[38]  John B. Willett,et al.  It’s About Time: Using Discrete-Time Survival Analysis to Study Duration and the Timing of Events , 1993 .

[39]  D. Umberson,et al.  Gender, marital status and the social control of health behavior. , 1992, Social science & medicine.

[40]  S. Raudenbush,et al.  Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods , 1992 .

[41]  R. Kessler,et al.  Widowhood and depression: explaining long-term gender differences in vulnerability. , 1992, Journal of health and social behavior.

[42]  F. Trovato Sex, Marital Status, and Suicide in Canada: 1951–1981 , 1991, Sociological perspectives : SP : official publication of the Pacific Sociological Association.

[43]  D. Umberson,et al.  Family status and health behaviors: social control as a dimension of social integration. , 1987, Journal of health and social behavior.

[44]  R. Adams,et al.  Emotional Closeness and Physical Distance between Friends: Implications for Elderly Women Living in Age-Segregated and Age-Integrated Settings , 1986, International journal of aging & human development.

[45]  R G Adams,et al.  People would talk: normative barriers to cross-sex friendships for elderly women. , 1985, The Gerontologist.

[46]  M. Szklo,et al.  Causes of death in a widowed population. , 1982, American journal of epidemiology.

[47]  C. M. Parkes,et al.  Broken Heart: A Statistical Study of Increased Mortality among Widowers , 1969, British medical journal.

[48]  Z. S. Blau Structural Constraints on Friendships in Old Age , 1961 .

[49]  A. Lilienfeld,et al.  Some epidemiologic aspects of the high mortality rate in the young widowed group. , 1959, Journal of chronic diseases.

[50]  Harold G. Wolff,et al.  Social Science in Medicine , 1955, The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.

[51]  Jay S. Kaufman,et al.  Methods in social epidemiology , 2006 .

[52]  J. Rasbash,et al.  A User's Guide to MLwiN version 2.0 , 2004 .

[53]  K. Rook,et al.  Growing Together: Stress in Social Relationships: Coping and Adaptation across the Life Span , 2003 .

[54]  Patricia O'Campo,et al.  Invited commentary: Advancing theory and methods for multilevel models of residential neighborhoods and health. , 2003, American journal of epidemiology.

[55]  A. D. Diez Roux,et al.  Investigating neighborhood and area effects on health. , 2001, American journal of public health.

[56]  S. Arday,et al.  HCFA's Racial and Ethnic Data: Current Accuracy and Recent Improvements , 2000, Health care financing review.

[57]  Craig Duncan,et al.  Multilevel methods for public health research , 2000 .

[58]  G. Pope,et al.  Evaluating Alternative Risk Adjusters for Medicare , 1998, Health care financing review.

[59]  W. Clark,et al.  Research Issues: Dually Eligible Medicare and Medicaid Beneficiaries, Challenges and Opportunities , 1998, Health care financing review.

[60]  David L. Morgan,et al.  The stability of core and peripheral networks over time , 1997 .

[61]  K. Rook,et al.  Compensatory Processes in the Social Networks of Older Adults , 1996 .

[62]  Irwin G. Sarason,et al.  Handbook of social support and the family , 1996 .

[63]  C. Mackenzie,et al.  A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. , 1987, Journal of chronic diseases.

[64]  P. Allison Discrete-Time Methods for the Analysis of Event Histories , 1982 .

[65]  James M. Hatten Medicare's Common Denominator: The Covered Population , 1980, Health care financing review.