Macroporous Silicon Electrical Sensor for DNA Hybridization Detection

Macroporous silicon (pore diameter 1–2 μm) was used in an electrical sensor for real time, label free detection of DNA hybridization. Electrical contacts were made exclusively on the back side of the substrate, which allowed complete exposure of the porous layer to DNA. Hybridization of a DNA probe with its complementary sequence produced a reduction in the impedance and a shift in the phase angle resulting from a change in dielectric constant inside the porous matrix and a modification of the depletion layer width in the crystalline silicon structure. The effect of the DNA charge on the response was corroborated using peptide nucleic acid (PNA), an uncharged analog of DNA. The sensitivity and selectivity of the device were characterized and the sensing properties of the porous layer alone were investigated using self-supporting macroporous silicon membranes.

[1]  Weihong Tan,et al.  DESIGNING A NOVEL MOLECULAR BEACON FOR SURFACE-IMMOBILIZED DNA HYBRIDIZATION STUDIES , 1999 .

[2]  Michael J. Sailor,et al.  A Porous Silicon Optical Biosensor: Detection of Reversible Binding of IgG to a Protein A-Modified Surface , 1999 .

[3]  C. Lieber,et al.  Nanowire Nanosensors for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Biological and Chemical Species , 2001, Science.

[4]  A J Bard,et al.  Monitoring DNA immobilization and hybridization on surfaces by atomic force microscopy force measurements. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[5]  Harald F. Okorn-Schmidt,et al.  Characterization of silicon surface preparation processes for advanced gate dielectrics , 1999, IBM J. Res. Dev..

[6]  J. Buriak,et al.  Chemical and Biological Applications of Porous Silicon Technology , 2000 .

[7]  Joseph Wang.  SURVEY AND SUMMARY From DNA biosensors to gene chips , 2000 .

[8]  Philippe M. Fauchet,et al.  Electrical sensing of DNA hybridization in porous silicon layers , 2003 .

[9]  C. Mirkin,et al.  Nanoparticles with Raman spectroscopic fingerprints for DNA and RNA detection. , 2002, Science.

[10]  J. Hirabayashi.  Oligosaccharide microarrays for glycomics. , 2003, Trends in biotechnology.

[11]  E. Paleček,et al.  Electrochemistry of Nucleic Acids and Development of DNA Sensors , 2002 .

[12]  E. Souteyrand,et al.  DIRECT DETECTION OF THE HYBRIDIZATION OF SYNTHETIC HOMO-OLIGOMER DNA SEQUENCES BY FIELD EFFECT , 1997 .

[13]  P. Fauchet,et al.  Identification of Gram negative bacteria using nanoscale silicon microcavities. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[14]  Andreas Janshoff,et al.  Macroporous p-Type Silicon Fabry−Perot Layers. Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications in Biosensing , 1998 .

[15]  Sara Tombelli,et al.  Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) affinity biosensor for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) detection. , 2003, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[16]  R. Georgiadis,et al.  The effect of surface probe density on DNA hybridization. , 2001, Nucleic acids research.