A Discussion of Distributed Hydrological Modelling

Inspired by the rapidly increasing power of computers and the development of geographical information systems and digital terrain maps, distributed models in hydrology (and other areas such as ecology) have been developing rapidly since the first outline of a physics-based distributed model published by Freeze and Harlan in 1969. Coupled to the opening up of the technological feasibility of making such models possible has been the recognition and development of a demand for more distributed predictions as outlined by Beven and O’Connell (1982), Abbott et al. (1986), Bathurst and O’Connell (1992) and Chapter 1. There are now a number of systems that are being used regularly for practical applications, such as the various versions of the Systeme Hydrologique Europeen (SHE, see Abbott et al, 1986; Bathurst et al. , 1995; Refsgaard and Storm, 1995; and Chapters ), and the Institute of Hydrology Distributed Model (IHDM, see Beven et al. 1987; Calver, 1988; Calver and Wood, 1995). These models claim to be physically-based (in accordance with the outline laid down by Freeze and Harlan, 1969) and to have parameters that are physically measurable in the field, at least in principle.

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