Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel from Seeds of Artemisia vulgaris: Extraction Optimization by Box–Behnken Design, pH-Responsiveness, and Sustained Drug Release

The current research work focuses on the extraction and optimization of the hydrogel (AVM) from the seeds of Artemisia vulgaris using Box–Behnken design-response surface methodology (BBD-RSM). The AVM was obtained through a hot water extraction process. The influence of different factors, including pH (U = 4 to 10), temperature (V = 25 to 110 °C), seed/water ratio, i.e., S/W ratio (W = 1/10 to 1/70 w/v), and seed/water contact time, i.e., S/W time (X = 1 to 12 h) on the yield of AVM was evaluated. The p-value for the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was found to be <0.001, indicating that the yield of AVM mainly depended on the abovementioned factors. The highest yield of AVM, i.e., 15.86%, was found at a pH of 7.12, temperature of 80.04 °C, S/W ratio of 1/33.24 w/v, and S/W time of 8.73 h according to Design-Expert Software. The study of the pH-responsive behavior of AVM in tablet form (formulation AVT3) revealed that AVM is a pH-responsive material with significantly high swelling at pH 7.4. However, less swelling was witnessed at pH 1.2. Moreover, AVM was found to be a sustained release material for esomeprazole at pH 7.4 for 12 h. The drug release from AVT3 was according to the super case-II transport mechanism and zero-order kinetics.

[1]  M. Agarwal,et al.  Non-toxic and biodegradable κ-carrageenan/ZnO hydrogel for adsorptive removal of norfloxacin: Optimization using response surface methodology. , 2023, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[2]  I. Hussain,et al.  EXTRACTION OPTIMIZATION OF A SUPERPOROUS POLYSACCHARIDE-BASED MUCILAGE FROM Salvia spinosa L. , 2022, Cellulose Chemistry and Technology.

[3]  Zheng Chen,et al.  Injectable wound dressing based on carboxymethyl chitosan triple-network hydrogel for effective wound antibacterial and hemostasis. , 2022, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[4]  Shuli Wang,et al.  Structural and Interfacial Effects on Drug Release Kinetics of Liquid-Based Fibrous Catheter , 2022, Advanced Fiber Materials.

[5]  S. N. Bukhari,et al.  A Smart Hydrogel from Salvia Spinosa Seeds: pH Responsiveness, On-off Switching, Sustained Drug Release, and Transit Detection. , 2022, Current drug delivery.

[6]  S. N. Bukhari,et al.  Extraction Optimization of Mucilage from Seeds of Mimosa pudica by Response Surface Methodology , 2022, Polymers.

[7]  Jie Kong,et al.  Hybrid Polymer Membrane Functionalized PBO Fibers/Cyanate Esters Wave-Transparent Laminated Composites , 2022, Advanced Fiber Materials.

[8]  I. Sudakova,et al.  Molecular Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Spruce (Picea abies) Hemicelluloses Isolated by Catalytic Oxidative Delignification , 2022, Molecules.

[9]  S. Emire,et al.  Optimization of mucilage extraction from Ximenia americana seed using response surface methodology , 2022, Heliyon.

[10]  Muhammad Farhan Sohail,et al.  Aloe vera and artemisia vulgaris hydrogels: exploring the toxic effects of structural transformation of the biocompatible materials , 2021, Drug development and industrial pharmacy.

[11]  F. C. Alonso Buriti,et al.  Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) as a Potential Functional Food Source of Mucilage and Bioactive Compounds with Technological Applications and Health Benefits , 2021, Plants.

[12]  Ž. Knez,et al.  Influence of the Impregnation Technique on the Release of Esomeprazole from Various Bioaerogels , 2021, Polymers.

[13]  I. Hussain,et al.  A smart drug delivery system based on Artemisia vulgaris hydrogel: Design, on-off switching, and real-time swelling, transit detection, and mechanistic studies , 2020 .

[14]  S. N. Bukhari,et al.  A stimuli-responsive, superporous and non-toxic smart hydrogel from seeds of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris): stimuli responsive swelling/deswelling, intelligent drug delivery and enhanced aceclofenac bioavailability , 2020, RSC advances.

[15]  S. S. Santos,et al.  Antioxidant activity, extraction and application of psyllium mucilage in chocolate drink , 2020 .

[16]  C. Jin,et al.  Protocol efficiently measuring the swelling rate of hydrogels , 2019, MethodsX.

[17]  Wenyi Kang,et al.  Physical properties of mucilage polysaccharides from Dioscorea opposita Thunb. , 2019, Food chemistry.

[18]  L. Lai,et al.  Structural characterization and rheological properties of the water extracted mucilage of Basella alba and the starch/aqueous mucilage blends , 2019, Food Hydrocolloids.

[19]  S. Nazir,et al.  Extraction optimization of mucilage from Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) seeds using response surface methodology , 2017, Journal of advanced research.

[20]  F. Khodaiyan,et al.  Response surface optimization of mucilage aqueous extraction from flixweed (Descurainia sophia) seeds. , 2014, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[21]  A. Koocheki,et al.  Optimization of extraction, antioxidant activity and functional properties of quince seed mucilage by RSM. , 2014, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[22]  L. A. Junqueira,et al.  Response surface methodology for optimization of the mucilage extraction process from Pereskia aculeata Miller , 2013 .

[23]  Bahareh Tabatabaee Amid,et al.  Optimisation of aqueous extraction of gum from durian (Durio zibethinus) seed: A potential, low cost source of hydrocolloid. , 2012, Food chemistry.

[24]  Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi,et al.  Response surface methodology for optimization of extraction yield, viscosity, hue and emulsion stability of mucilage extracted from Lepidium perfoliatum seeds , 2009 .

[25]  S. Cui,et al.  Extraction and physicochemical characterisation of polysaccharide gum from Yanang (Tiliacora triandra) leaves , 2009 .

[26]  A. Dufresne,et al.  Isolation and structural characterization of hemicelluloses from palm of Phoenix dactylifera L. , 2007 .

[27]  C. Sáenz,et al.  Extraction and characterization of mucilage in Opuntia spp , 2007 .

[28]  A. S. Ahmad,et al.  Extraction, purification and characterization of durian (Durio zibethinus) seed gum , 2007 .

[29]  J. Brandão-Neto,et al.  Effect of an extract of Artemisia vulgaris L. (Mugwort) on the in vitro labeling of red blood cells and plasma proteins with technetium-99m , 2007 .

[30]  E. Oktayoglu,et al.  Traditional medicine in Sakarya province (Turkey) and antimicrobial activities of selected species. , 2004, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[31]  N A Peppas,et al.  Modeling of drug release from delivery systems based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). , 2001, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[32]  Nicholas A. Peppas,et al.  A simple equation for description of solute release II. Fickian and anomalous release from swellable devices , 1987 .

[33]  N. Peppas,et al.  Mechanisms of solute release from porous hydrophilic polymers , 1983 .

[34]  M Gibaldi,et al.  Establishment of sink conditions in dissolution rate determinations. Theoretical considerations and application to nondisintegrating dosage forms. , 1967, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[35]  S. Hussain,et al.  Chemical modification of a polysaccharide from Artemisia vulgaris engenders a supersorbent for the removal of Cd2+ from spiked high-hardness groundwater , 2021 .

[36]  G. Madrona,et al.  Optimization of the mucilage extraction process from chia seeds and application in ice cream as a stabilizer and emulsifier , 2016 .

[37]  S. Cui,et al.  Optimization of extraction process of crude polysaccharides from boat-fruited sterculia seeds by response surface methodology , 2007 .