Cognitive radio network in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET): A survey

Abstract Cognitive radio network and vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) are recent emerging concepts in wireless networking. Cognitive radio network obtains knowledge of its operational geographical environment to manage sharing of spectrum between primary and secondary users, while VANET shares emergency safety messages among vehicles to ensure safety of users on the road. Cognitive radio network is employed in VANET to ensure the efficient use of spectrum, as well as to support VANET’s deployment. Random increase and decrease of spectrum users, unpredictable nature of VANET, high mobility, varying interference, security, packet scheduling, and priority assignment are the challenges encountered in a typical cognitive VANET environment. This paper provides survey and critical analysis on different challenges of cognitive radio VANET, with discussion on the open issues, challenges, and performance metrics for different cognitive radio VANET applications.

[2]  Pin-Han Ho,et al.  A Novel Sensing Coordination Framework for CR-VANETs , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[3]  Mario Gerla,et al.  Cognitive multicast with partially overlapped channels in vehicular ad hoc networks , 2013, Ad Hoc Networks.

[4]  Victor C. M. Leung,et al.  Cross-Layer Design for TCP Performance Improvement in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[5]  Luca Delgrossi,et al.  IEEE 802.11p: Towards an International Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments , 2008, VTC Spring 2008 - IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.

[6]  Kiseon Kim,et al.  CSMA/CA-based MAC protocol in cognitive radio network , 2010 .

[7]  Gianmarco Baldini,et al.  Security Aspects in Software Defined Radio and Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey and A Way Ahead , 2012, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[8]  Mansi S. Subhedar,et al.  SPECTRUM SENSING TECHNIQUES IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS : A SURVEY , 2011 .

[9]  Houda Labiod,et al.  CATS: An adaptive traffic signal system based on car-to-car communication , 2013, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[10]  Joseph Mitola,et al.  Cognitive radio: making software radios more personal , 1999, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[11]  Jun Fang,et al.  Multiantenna-Assisted Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[12]  Erik G. Larsson,et al.  Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio : State-of-the-Art and Recent Advances , 2012, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[13]  Jonathan Loo,et al.  Joint optimization and threshold structure dynamic programming with enhanced priority scheme for adaptive VANET MAC , 2016, Wirel. Networks.

[14]  Sheng-Shih Wang,et al.  PassCAR: A passive clustering aided routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks , 2013, Comput. Commun..

[15]  Adrian Popescu,et al.  Beacon-enabled cognitive access for dynamic spectrum access , 2012, Proceedings of the 8th Euro-NF Conference on Next Generation Internet NGI 2012.

[16]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Efficient Recovery Control Channel Design in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[17]  Zhongding Lei,et al.  A Reliable and Power Efficient Beacon Structure for Cognitive Radio Systems , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting.

[18]  Sok-Ian Sou,et al.  A video frame exchange protocol with selfishness detection mechanism under sparse infrastructure-based deployment in VANET , 2011, 2011 IEEE 7th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob).

[19]  Sunilkumar S. Manvi,et al.  Intelligent Infromation Dissemination in Vehicular AD HOC Networks , 2011 .

[20]  Haroon Rasheed,et al.  Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Vehicular Networks over Composite Fading , 2011 .

[21]  Lo-Yao Yeh,et al.  A secure and efficient batch binding update scheme for route optimization of nested NEtwork MObility (NEMO) in VANETs , 2013, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[22]  Abdelhakim Hafid,et al.  Establishing Strict Priorities in IEEE 802.11p WAVE Vehicular Networks , 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010.

[23]  Azzedine Boukerche,et al.  An efficient QoS MAC for IEEE 802.11p over cognitive multichannel vehicular networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[24]  Xuemin Shen,et al.  An Application-Centric Inter-Vehicle Routing Protocol for Video Streaming over Multi-Hop Urban VANETs , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[25]  Giovanni Pau,et al.  To live and drive in L.A.: Measurements from a real intervehicular accident alert test , 2012, 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW).

[26]  Xuemin Shen,et al.  A Seamless Quality-Driven Multi-Hop Data Delivery Scheme for Video Streaming in Urban VANET Scenarios , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[27]  Zhe Chen,et al.  Towards a Real-Time Cognitive Radio Network Testbed: Architecture, Hardware Platform, and Application to Smart Grid , 2010, 2010 Fifth IEEE Workshop on Networking Technologies for Software Defined Radio Networks (SDR).

[28]  Lisa Ann Osadciw,et al.  Cognitive security protocol for sensor based VANET using swarm intelligence , 2009, 2009 Conference Record of the Forty-Third Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers.

[29]  Hamid Reza Karimi,et al.  Geolocation databases for white space devices in the UHF TV bands: Specification of maximum permitted emission levels , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN).

[30]  Mahsa Derakhshani,et al.  Interference and outage analysis in a cognitive radio network with beacon , 2010, 2010 25th Biennial Symposium on Communications.

[31]  Dusit Niyato,et al.  Optimal Channel Access Management with QoS Support for Cognitive Vehicular Networks , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[32]  Robert C. Qiu,et al.  Building a cognitive radio network testbed , 2011, 2011 Proceedings of IEEE Southeastcon.

[33]  Chong-kwon Kim,et al.  A cognitive MAC for VANET based on the WAVE systems , 2009, 2009 11th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology.

[34]  Chang-Joo Kim,et al.  Cognitive Radio test-bed based on ECMA-392 International Standard , 2010, 2010 7th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems.

[35]  Zhong Chen,et al.  Efficient and multi-level privacy-preserving communication protocol for VANET , 2012, Comput. Electr. Eng..

[36]  K. R. Chowdhury,et al.  Smart Radios for Smart Vehicles: Cognitive Vehicular Networks , 2012, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine.

[37]  Hao Chen,et al.  Expected path duration maximized routing algorithm in CR-VANETs , 2012, 2012 1st IEEE International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC).

[38]  Unai Hernández-Jayo,et al.  IEEE802.11p Field Operational Test implementation and driver assistance services for enhanced driver safety , 2012, 2012 IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC).

[39]  Xianming Qing,et al.  Spectrum Survey in Singapore: Occupancy Measurements and Analyses , 2008, 2008 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CrownCom 2008).

[40]  Rui Dinis,et al.  Improving path duration in high mobility vehicular ad hoc networks , 2013, Ad Hoc Networks.

[41]  Jong Hyuk Park,et al.  Structure-free message aggregation and routing in traffic information system (SMART) , 2013, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[42]  Luciano Bononi,et al.  Cooperative spectrum management in cognitive Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC).

[43]  Kuang-Ching Wang,et al.  Throughput modeling for multi-rate IEEE 802.11 vehicle-to-infrastructure networks with asymmetric traffic , 2011, MSWiM '11.

[44]  Hassan Artail,et al.  Data delivery guarantees in congested Vehicular ad hoc networks using cognitive networks , 2011, 2011 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference.

[45]  Javier Gozálvez,et al.  IEEE 802.11p vehicle to infrastructure communications in urban environments , 2012, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[46]  Mario Gerla,et al.  Vehicular networks and the future of the mobile internet , 2011, Comput. Networks.

[47]  Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues,et al.  GeoSpray: A geographic routing protocol for vehicular delay-tolerant networks , 2014, Inf. Fusion.

[48]  Alexander M. Wyglinski,et al.  A Spectrum Surveying Framework for Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[49]  Karim Djouani,et al.  Operation And Performance Of Cognitive Radios In Vehicular Environments , 2011 .

[50]  Giovanni Pau,et al.  Cognitive cars: constructing a cognitive playground for VANET research testbeds , 2011, CogART '11.

[51]  Rashid A. Saeed,et al.  Evaluation of the IEEE 802.11p-based TDMA MAC method for road side-to-vehicle communications , 2010 .

[52]  Jonathan Loo,et al.  Analysis of Inter-RSU Beaconing Interference in VANETs , 2012, MACOM.

[53]  Giovanni Pau,et al.  Creative testbeds for VANET research: A new methodology , 2012, 2012 IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC).

[54]  Geoffrey Ye Li,et al.  Cognitive radio networking and communications: an overview , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[55]  Michael Weber,et al.  A VANET-based emergency vehicle warning system , 2009, 2009 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC).

[56]  Parag Kulkarni,et al.  A Performance based Routing Classification in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2012 .

[57]  Yevgeni Koucheryavy,et al.  An Overtaking Assistance System Based on Joint Beaconing and Real-Time Video Transmission , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[58]  Jalel Ben-Othman,et al.  Detection of Radio Interference Attacks in VANET , 2009, GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[59]  Carlos Jesus Bernardos,et al.  Design and performance evaluation of a PMIPv6 solution for geonetworking-based VANETs , 2013, Ad Hoc Networks.

[60]  Boangoat Jarupan,et al.  CROSS-LAYER DESIGN FOR LOCATION- AND DELAY-AWARE COMMUNICATION IN VEHICULAR NETWORKS , 2011 .

[61]  Kok Keong Chai,et al.  Efficient dynamic scheduling scheme between vehicles and roadside units based on IEEE 802.11p/WAVE communication standard , 2011, 2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications.

[62]  Hassan Artail,et al.  Improving reliability of safety applications in vehicle ad hoc networks through the implementation of a cognitive network , 2010, 2010 17th International Conference on Telecommunications.

[63]  Jamil Y. Khan,et al.  A geocasting technique in an IEEE802.11p based vehicular ad hoc network for road traffic management , 2011, 2011 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ATNAC).

[64]  Hang Su,et al.  CREAM-MAC: Cognitive Radio-EnAbled Multi-Channel MAC Protocol Over Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks , 2011, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing.

[65]  Yogesh Kondareddy.  MAC and Routing Protocols for Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks , 2008 .

[66]  Kaushik R. Chowdhury,et al.  Design of spectrum database assisted cognitive radio vehicular networks , 2012, 2012 7th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM).

[67]  Luciano Bononi,et al.  Analyzing the potential of cooperative Cognitive Radio technology on inter-vehicle communication , 2010, 2010 IFIP Wireless Days.

[68]  Si Chen,et al.  Efficient spectrum utilization via cross-layer optimization in distributed cognitive radio networks , 2009, Comput. Commun..

[69]  Ossama Younis,et al.  MAC Protocol for Opportunistic Cognitive Radio Networks with Soft Guarantees , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[70]  Mario Gerla,et al.  CCH: Cognitive Channel Hopping in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall).

[71]  Eylem Ekici,et al.  A survey of cross-layer design for VANETs , 2011, Ad Hoc Networks.

[72]  Azzedine Boukerche,et al.  LIAITHON: A location-aware multipath video streaming scheme for urban vehicular networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC).

[73]  Zheng Liu,et al.  GeoSVR: A map-based stateless VANET routing , 2013, Ad Hoc Networks.

[74]  Dipankar Raychaudhuri,et al.  Future Directions in Cognitive Radio Network , 2009 .

[75]  Nicholas J. Kirsch,et al.  Improving the performance of vehicular networks in high traffic density conditions with cognitive radios , 2011, 2011 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV).

[76]  Juan-Carlos Cano,et al.  A survey and comparative study of simulators for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) , 2011, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[77]  Giovanni Pau,et al.  Vehicular Testbeds - Model Validation before Large Scale Deployment , 2012, J. Commun..

[78]  Marwan Krunz,et al.  Spectrum-Aware Beaconless Geographical Routing Protocol for Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011.

[79]  Ben-Jye Chang,et al.  Cross-Layer-Based Real-Time Local Repair for Multicasting in Distributed Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks , 2012, 2012 World Telecommunications Congress.

[80]  Zhiqiang Li,et al.  Distributed consensus-based security mechanisms in cognitive radio mobile ad hoc networks , 2012, IET Commun..

[81]  Satwant Kaur.  Intelligence in Wireless Networks with Cognitive Radio Networks! , 2013 .

[82]  Murroni Maurizio,et al.  Cognitive Radio Communications for Vehicular Technology – Wavelet Applications , 2011 .

[83]  Husheng Li,et al.  Collaborative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Belief Propagation on Highway , 2010, 2010 IEEE 71st Vehicular Technology Conference.

[84]  Yanmin Zhu,et al.  When 3G Meets VANET: 3G-Assisted Data Delivery in VANETs , 2013, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[85]  Kejie Lu,et al.  A Disturbance-Adaptive Design for VANET-Enabled Vehicle Platoon , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[86]  Ahmad Al-Daraiseh,et al.  Toward Secure Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks: A Survey , 2012 .

[87]  Mario Gerla,et al.  CoRoute: A new cognitive anypath vehicular routing protocol , 2011, 2011 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference.

[88]  Yong Shen,et al.  Performance Evaluation of IEEE802.11-Based Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks in Vehicular Environments , 2009, 2009 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing.

[89]  Liljana Gavrilovska,et al.  Geolocation database approach for secondary spectrum usage of TVWS , 2011, 2011 19thTelecommunications Forum (TELFOR) Proceedings of Papers.

[90]  António Fonseca,et al.  Applicability of position-based routing for VANET in highways and urban environment , 2013, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[91]  Xuemin Shen,et al.  Quality of Experience Oriented Video Streaming in Challenged Wireless Networks: Analysis, Protocol Design and Case Study , 2012 .

[92]  Miao Pan,et al.  Cooperative Communication Aware Link Scheduling for Cognitive Vehicular Networks , 2012, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[93]  Irene Macaluso,et al.  Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2010 .

[94]  D. Manivannan,et al.  RIVER: A reliable inter-vehicular routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks , 2012, Comput. Networks.

[95]  Juan-Carlos Cano,et al.  VEACON: A Vehicular Accident Ontology designed to improve safety on the roads , 2012, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..