Effects of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) on Mytilus haemocytes: role of stress‐activated mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs)

Background information. Many studies indicate that innate immunity in invertebrates can be modulated by a cytokine network like in vertebrates. In molluscs, the immune response is carried out by circulating haemocytes and soluble haemolymph factors. In the present study, the effects of heterologous TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) on cell signalling and function in the haemocytes of the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. were investigated.

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