Electronic Payment Schemes Based on Blockchain in VANETs

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) is considered as an important part of intelligent transportation system (ITS). Depending on the interconnection between vehicles and roadside units (RSUs), VANETs can provide a variety of application services for drivers and passengers. Due to the necessary service cost, many applications have to face the problem of how to charge vehicle for the services. This paper, which relies on blockchain technology, takes park toll management system and electronic toll collection system (ETC) as scenarios. Two payment schemes, V-R transaction and V-Rs transaction, are then proposed. The security and performance analysis show that the proposed schemes are efficient and robust.

[1]  Ralph Deters,et al.  Performance analysis of ethereum transactions in private blockchain , 2017, 2017 8th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS).

[2]  Fakhri Karray,et al.  Fuzzy Logic in VANET context aware Congested Road and Automatic Crash Notification , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE).

[3]  Lei Zhang,et al.  Blockchain-Enabled Wireless Internet of Things: Performance Analysis and Optimal Communication Node Deployment , 2019, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[4]  Michael Devetsikiotis,et al.  Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things , 2016, IEEE Access.

[5]  Zhili Sun,et al.  Blockchain-Based Dynamic Key Management for Heterogeneous Intelligent Transportation Systems , 2017, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[6]  Mubashir Husain Rehmani,et al.  Applications of Blockchains in the Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey , 2019, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[7]  Sherali Zeadally,et al.  A secure vehicle-to-roadside communication payment protocol in vehicular ad hoc networks , 2008, Comput. Commun..

[8]  Eylem Ekici,et al.  Vehicular Networking: A Survey and Tutorial on Requirements, Architectures, Challenges, Standards and Solutions , 2011, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[9]  Eylem Ekici,et al.  Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments , 2009, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw..

[10]  Rita Cunha,et al.  Cooperative Control of Multiple Marine Vehicles Theoretical Challenges and Practical Issues , 2009 .

[11]  Tsz Hon Yuen,et al.  RingCT 2.0: A Compact Accumulator-Based (Linkable Ring Signature) Protocol for Blockchain Cryptocurrency Monero , 2017, ESORICS.

[12]  Yanghee Choi,et al.  A Study on Performance of Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 in IP-Based Cellular Networks , 2004 .

[13]  Mate Boban,et al.  Multiplayer games over Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A new application , 2010, Ad Hoc Networks.

[14]  Satoshi Nakamoto.  Bitcoin : A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System , 2009 .

[15]  Hannes Hartenstein,et al.  VANET: Vehicular Applications and Inter-Networking Technologies , 2010, VANET.

[16]  Eli Ben-Sasson,et al.  Zerocash: Decentralized Anonymous Payments from Bitcoin , 2014, 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy.

[17]  John B. Kenney,et al.  Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) Standards in the United States , 2011, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[18]  Jean-Marie Bonnin,et al.  HOTA: Handover optimized ticket-based authentication in network-based mobility management , 2013, Inf. Sci..

[19]  Guillermo Acosta-Marum,et al.  Wave: A tutorial , 2009, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[20]  Zhendong Ma,et al.  Privacy Requirements in Vehicular Communication Systems , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering.

[21]  Liviu Iftode,et al.  RoadSpeak: enabling voice chat on roadways using vehicular social networks , 2008, SocialNets '08.

[22]  Muhammad Arshad,et al.  A survey of local/cooperative-based malicious information detection techniques in VANETs , 2018, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw..

[23]  Ambreen Gul,et al.  A Survey on Mobility Management Techniques in VANETs , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT).

[24]  Anna Maria Vegni,et al.  A Survey on Vehicular Social Networks , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[25]  Intelligent Transport Systems (its); Decentralized Congestion Control Mechanisms for Intelligent Transport Systems Operating in the 5 Ghz Range; Access Layer Part , 2022 .

[26]  Abdelwahab Boualouache,et al.  A Survey on Pseudonym Changing Strategies for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks , 2017, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[27]  Liviu Iftode,et al.  Social vehicle navigation: integrating shared driving experience into vehicle navigation , 2013, HotMobile '13.

[28]  Rayman Preet Singh,et al.  Traffic Congestion Estimation in VANETs and Its Application to Information Dissemination , 2011, ICDCN.