Patterns in World Dynamics Indicating Agency

In this paper, the question is addressed which patterns in world dynamics are an indication for a conceptualisation of a world's process as an agent. Six criteria are discussed that provide an indication for the world to show a form agency, and allows for suitable agent-based conceptualisation. The criteria take the form of relationships between the occurrence of certain patterns in the world's dynamics, and are expressed as second-order properties of world dynamics. They are formalised in a reified temporal predicate (meta-)logical language and their use is illustrated in a case study, supported by automated support in the form of simulation and verification.

[1]  Richard W. Weyhrauch,et al.  Prolegomena to a Theory of Mechanized Formal Reasoning , 1980, Artif. Intell..

[2]  C. Allen,et al.  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy , 2011 .

[3]  Catholijn M. Jonker,et al.  Compositional Verification of Multi-Agent Systems: A Formal Analysis of Pro-activeness and Reactiveness , 2002, Int. J. Cooperative Inf. Syst..

[4]  Catholijn M. Jonker,et al.  A temporal modelling environment for internally grounded beliefs, desires and intentions , 2003, Cognitive Systems Research.

[5]  Igor Aleksander,et al.  Impossible Minds: My Neurons, My Consciousness , 1996 .

[6]  Fred Keijzer,et al.  Representation in dynamical and embodied cognition , 2002, Cognitive Systems Research.

[7]  A. Damasio.  The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness , 1999 .

[8]  R. Sun.  Symbol Grounding: A New Look At An Old Idea , 1999 .

[9]  A. Clark,et al.  The Extended Mind , 1998, Analysis.

[10]  Michael Fisher,et al.  Temporal Development Methods for Agent-Based Systems , 2005 .

[11]  Marek J. Sergot,et al.  A logic-based calculus of events , 1989, New Generation Computing.

[12]  Jan Treur,et al.  A Temporal Trace Language for Formal Modelling and Analysis of Agent Systems , 2010 .

[13]  Michael Fisher,et al.  Temporal Development Methods for Agent-Based , 2004, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[14]  Krzysztof R. Apt,et al.  Logic Programming , 1990, Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science, Volume B: Formal Models and Sematics.

[15]  Maria Simi,et al.  Metalanguage and Reasoning Across Viewpoints , 1984, ECAI.

[16]  Tibor Bosse,et al.  A Language and Environment for Analysis of Dynamics by Simulation , 2005, Int. J. Artif. Intell. Tools.

[17]  Chen C. Chang,et al.  Model Theory: Third Edition (Dover Books On Mathematics) By C.C. Chang;H. Jerome Keisler;Mathematics , 1966 .

[18]  Jaegwon Kim,et al.  Philosophy of Mind , 1996 .

[19]  DobbynChris,et al.  The Self as an Embedded Agent , 2003 .

[20]  Jan Treur,et al.  A semantical perspective on verification of knowledge , 2002, Data Knowl. Eng..

[21]  Mark H. Bickhard,et al.  Representational content in humans and machines , 1993, J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell..

[22]  G. Zajicek,et al.  The Wisdom of the Body , 1934, Nature.

[23]  Tibor Bosse,et al.  Representation for reciprocal agent–environment interaction , 2009, Cognitive Systems Research.

[24]  Stephan Merz,et al.  Model Checking , 2000 .

[25]  Antony Galton,et al.  Operators vs. Arguments: The Ins and Outs of Reification , 2006, Synthese.

[26]  Koen V. Hindriks,et al.  Specification and Verification of Multi-agent Systems , 2010 .

[27]  Susan A. J. Stuart.  A Radical Notion of EmbeddednessA Logically Necessary Precondition for Agency and Self-Awareness , 2002 .

[28]  Tibor Bosse,et al.  Specification and Verification of Dynamics in Agent Models , 2009, Int. J. Cooperative Inf. Syst..

[29]  J L Snoep,et al.  BDI-modelling of complex intracellular dynamics. , 2008, Journal of theoretical biology.

[30]  Raymond Reiter,et al.  Knowledge in Action: Logical Foundations for Specifying and Implementing Dynamical Systems , 2001 .

[31]  Pierre Jacob,et al.  What Minds Can Do: Intentionality in a Non-Intentional World , 1997 .

[32]  B. Brewer.  Self-location and agency , 1992 .

[33]  Chris Dobbyn,et al.  The Self as an Embedded Agent , 2003, Minds and Machines.

[34]  Antony Galton.  Temporal Logic , 2007, Handbook of Dynamic System Modeling.

[35]  Jan Treur,et al.  Semantic formalization of interactive reasoning functionality , 2002, Int. J. Intell. Syst..

[36]  Kenneth L. McMillan,et al.  Symbolic model checking: an approach to the state explosion problem , 1992 .

[37]  Simon Parsons,et al.  Knowledge in action: Logical foundations for specifying and implementing dynamical systems by Raymond Reiter, MIT Press, 0-262-18218-1, 448 pp., $60.00/£38.95 , 2005, The Knowledge Engineering Review.

[38]  Kenneth A. Bowen.  Meta-level programming and knowledge representation , 2009, New Generation Computing.

[39]  Alasdair Urquhart,et al.  Temporal Logic , 1971 .

[40]  Robert W. Kentridge.  Review: The Feeling of What Happens: Body, Emotion and the Making of Consciousness , 2000 .

[41]  Jaegwon Kim.  Physicalism, or Something Near Enough , 2005 .

[42]  F. Gzil.  Introduction à l'étude de la médecine expérimentale , 2008 .

[43]  Catholijn M. Jonker,et al.  A temporal-interactivist perspective on the dynamics of mental states , 2003, Cognitive Systems Research.

[44]  Robert A. Kowalski,et al.  Amalgamating language and metalanguage in logic programming , 1982 .

[45]  Han Reichgelt,et al.  The Token Reification Approach to Temporal Reasoning , 1996, Artif. Intell..