Modelling and experimental study of spray cooling systems for inlet air pre-cooling in natural draft dry cooling towers

.............................................................................................................................................. ii Table of Content .............................................................................................................................. xiv List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ xviii List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. xxii Nomenclature ................................................................................................................................ xxiii Chapter

[1]  Arthur da Silva,et al.  A lagrangian model for spray behaviour within vine canopies , 2006 .

[2]  S. A. Morsi,et al.  An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems , 1972, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[3]  Nasser Ashgriz,et al.  Handbook of atomization and sprays : theory and applications , 2011 .

[4]  N. Thompson,et al.  Estimating spray drift using a random-walk model of evaporating drops , 1983 .

[5]  D. C. Kincaid,et al.  A Water Droplet Evaporation and Temperature Model , 1989 .

[6]  Shilie Weng,et al.  Numerical simulation of counter-flow spray saturator for humid air turbine cycle , 2007 .

[7]  S. W. Park,et al.  Rainfall characteristics and their relation to splash erosion , 1983 .

[8]  Said Elgobashi,et al.  An Updated Classification Map of Particle-Laden Turbulent Flows , 2006 .

[9]  David Nuyttens,et al.  Predicting drift from field spraying by means of a 3D computational fluid dynamics model , 2007 .

[10]  Cyrus B. Meher-Homji,et al.  Gas Turbine Power Augmentation: Parametric Study Relating to Fog Droplet Size and Its Influence on Evaporative Efficiency , 2011 .

[11]  Antonio Peretto,et al.  CFD Simulation of Water Injection in GT Inlet Duct Using Spray Experimentally Tuned Data: Nozzle Spray Simulation Model and Results for an Application to a Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine , 2007 .

[12]  A. Lefebvre.  Atomization and Sprays , 1988 .

[13]  M. Gorji-Bandpy,et al.  Two-dimensional modeling of water spray cooling in superheated steam , 2008 .

[14]  Frank P. Incropera,et al.  Software tools and user's guides to accompany Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer, 5th edition & Introduction to heat transfer, 4th edition , 2002 .

[15]  Xi Jiang,et al.  Physical modelling and advanced simulations of gas―liquid two-phase jet flows in atomization and sprays , 2010 .

[16]  David F. Fletcher,et al.  Lagrangian and Eulerian models for simulating turbulent dispersion and coalescence of droplets within a spray , 2006 .

[17]  Bjarne Husted,et al.  Comparison of PIV and PDA droplet velocity measurement techniques on two high-pressure water mist nozzles , 2009 .

[18]  L. L. Christianson,et al.  Evaporative Cooling Pads: Test Procedure and Evaluation , 1991 .

[19]  Detlev G. Kröger,et al.  Performance evaluation of dry-cooling systems for power plant applications , 1996 .

[20]  P. Boulet,et al.  Air cooling by evaporating droplets in the upward flow of a condenser , 2011 .

[21]  T. S. Dhanasekaran,et al.  Calibration of a Computational Model to Predict Mist/Steam Impinging Jets Cooling With an Application to Gas Turbine Blades , 2010 .

[22]  Suoying He,et al.  Numerical simulation of water spray for pre-cooling of inlet air in natural draft dry cooling towers , 2013 .

[23]  W. E. Ranz,et al.  Evaporation from drops , 1952 .

[24]  Venkataramana Gadhamshetty,et al.  Improving Air-Cooled Condenser Performance in Combined Cycle Power Plants , 2006 .

[25]  Heping Zhu,et al.  Computer Simulation of Variables that Influence Spray Drift , 1992 .

[26]  Gilles Parent,et al.  Numerical simulation of a water spray—Radiation attenuation related to spray dynamics , 2007 .

[27]  S. J. Palaszewski,et al.  A Three-Dimensional Air-Vapor-Droplet Local Interaction Model for Spray Units , 1981 .

[28]  Cyrus B. Meher-Homji,et al.  Inlet Fogging of Gas Turbine Engines: Experimental and Analytical Investigations on Impaction Pin Fog Nozzle Behavior , 2006 .

[29]  Antonio Sánchez Kaiser,et al.  Numerical modeling of the drift and deposition of droplets emitted by mechanical cooling towers on buildings and its experimental validation , 2014 .

[30]  E. Gutheil.  Issues in Computational Studies of Turbulent Spray Combustion , 2011 .

[31]  D. G. Kröger,et al.  The effect of ionisation of spray in cooling air on the wetting characteristics of finned tube heat exchanger , 2005 .

[32]  C. Chao,et al.  A study of the dispersion of expiratory aerosols in unidirectional downward and ceiling-return type airflows using a multiphase approach. , 2006, Indoor air.

[33]  Sture Holmberg,et al.  Modelling of the Indoor Environment – Particle Dispersion and Deposition , 1998 .

[34]  C. Crowe,et al.  The Particle-Source-In Cell (PSI-CELL) Model for Gas-Droplet Flows , 1977 .

[35]  A. Abdel-azim.  Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer , 2011 .

[36]  HEAT TRANSFER WITHIN DEFORMING DROPLETS , 2002 .

[37]  Jaakko Kukkonen,et al.  The interdependence of evaporation and settling for airborne freely falling droplets , 1989 .

[38]  Ting Wang,et al.  Simulation of Mist Transport for Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling , 2008 .

[39]  M.M.A. Sarker,et al.  Performance characteristics of the hybrid closed circuit cooling tower , 2008 .

[40]  Ingo Jahn,et al.  Numerical simulation of water spray in natural draft dry cooling towers with a new nozzle representation approach , 2016 .

[41]  Antonio Sánchez Kaiser,et al.  On the influence of psychrometric ambient conditions on cooling tower drift deposition , 2010 .

[42]  Jobaidur Rahman Khan.  Fog Cooling, Wet Compression and Droplet Dynamics In Gas Turbine Compressors , 2009 .

[43]  M M Hafez.  Numerical Simulations of Incompressible Flows , 2003 .

[44]  Markku Kulmala,et al.  Evaporation of ventilated water droplet: connection between heat and mass transfer , 2001 .

[45]  Mojtaba Tahani,et al.  Analysis of gas turbine operating parameters with inlet fogging and wet compression processes , 2010 .

[46]  Z. Amjad.  Advances in Crystal Growth Inhibition Technologies , 2013 .

[47]  Huimin Liu,et al.  Science and Engineering of Droplets:: Fundamentals and Applications , 1999 .

[48]  Kamel Hooman.  Dry cooling towers as condensers for geothermal power plants , 2010 .

[49]  Francesco Melino,et al.  Gas Turbine Fogging Technology — A State-of-the-Art Review: Part I — Inlet Evaporative Fogging, Analytical and Experimental Aspects , 2005 .

[50]  G. P. Wachtell.  Atomized Water Injection to Improve Dry Cooling Tower Performance , 1974 .

[51]  W. Sirignano,et al.  Fluid Dynamics and Transport of Droplets and Sprays: Index , 2010 .

[52]  Cyrus B. Meher-Homji,et al.  APPLICATION OF INLET FOGGING FOR POWER AUGMENTATION OF MECHANICAL DRIVE TURBINES IN THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR , 2006 .

[53]  J. Guilpart,et al.  Numerical model of sprayed air cooled condenser coupled to refrigerating system , 2007 .

[54]  Vice President,et al.  AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC. , 2007 .

[55]  P. Pfeiffer,et al.  SPRAY INTERACTION AND DROPLET COALESCENCE IN TURBULENT AIR-FLOW. AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY WITH APPLICATION TO GAS TURBINE HIGH FOGGING , 2002 .

[56]  J. M. Norman,et al.  A Sprinkler Water Droplet Evaporation and Plant Canopy Model: II. Model Application , 1993 .

[57]  A. Rubin.  Demonstration of adiabatic cooling to improve the performance of air-cooled heat exchangers , 1975 .

[58]  John C. Hewson,et al.  Numerical modeling and experimental measurements of a high speed solid-cone water spray for use in fire suppression applications , 2004 .

[59]  C. E. Goering,et al.  Mathematical modeling of spray droplet deceleration and evaporation , 1972 .

[60]  Suoying He,et al.  A review of wetted media with potential application in the pre-cooling of natural draft dry cooling towers , 2015 .

[61]  Desikan Bharathan,et al.  Hybrid cooling systems for low-temperature geothermal power production , 2011 .

[62]  Nicholas J Williamson,et al.  Numerical modelling of heat and mass transfer and optimisation of a natural draft wet cooling tower , 2008 .

[63]  P. L. Dhar,et al.  Experimental studies and numerical simulation of evaporative cooling of air with a water spray—I. Horizontal parallel flow , 1998 .

[64]  Mehmet Kanoglu,et al.  Improving the performance of an existing air-cooled binary geothermal power plant : A case study , 1999 .

[65]  Hiroshi Kawano,et al.  Simulating Water-Drop Movement from Noncircular Sprinkler Nozzles , 1995 .

[66]  Richard B. Boulay,et al.  Dry and Hybrid Condenser Cooling Design to Maximize Operating Income , 2005 .

[67]  Suoying He,et al.  Experimental study of the application of two trickle media for inlet air pre-cooling of natural draft dry cooling towers , 2015 .

[68]  Pascal Boulet,et al.  Upward vs downward injection of droplets for the optimization of a radiative shield , 2011 .

[69]  P. L. Dhar,et al.  Heat and mass transfer processes between a water spray and ambient air -II. Simulations , 2008 .

[70]  Suoying He,et al.  Water spray for pre-cooling of inlet air for Natural Draft Dry Cooling Towers – Experimental study , 2015 .

[71]  Suoying He,et al.  Pre-cooling with Munters media to improve the performance of Natural Draft Dry Cooling Towers , 2013 .

[72]  Kamel Hooman,et al.  Cooling performance of solid containing water for spray assisted dry cooling towers , 2015 .

[73]  Julien Tissot,et al.  Experimental study on air cooling by spray in the upstream flow of a heat exchanger , 2012 .

[74]  F. Tanner.  Liquid Jet Atomization and Droplet Breakup Modeling of Non-Evaporating Diesel Fuel Sprays , 1997 .

[75]  D. Costenaro,et al.  Assessment of Evaporative Cooling Enhancement Methods for Air-Cooled Geothermal Power Plants , 2002 .

[76]  Detlev G. Kroger,et al.  Air-cooled heat exchangers and cooling towers : thermal-flow performance evaluation and design , 2004 .

[77]  W. Bachalo.  SPRAY DIAGNOSTICS FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY , 2000 .

[78]  Enrico Barbier,et al.  Geothermal energy technology and current status: an overview , 2002 .

[79]  S. R. Kale,et al.  Heat and mass transfer processes between a water spray and ambient air – I. Experimental data , 2008 .

[80]  John C. Hewson,et al.  Numerical modeling and experimental measurements of water spray impact and transport over a cylinder , 2006 .

[81]  W. Licht,et al.  Rate of fall of single liquid droplets , 1955 .

[82]  H. Montazeri,et al.  CFD analysis of the impact of physical parameters on evaporative cooling by a mist spray system , 2015 .

[83]  Frank P. Incropera,et al.  Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer , 1981 .

[84]  Suoying He,et al.  Experimental study of crosswind effects on the performance of small cylindrical natural draft dry cooling towers , 2015 .

[85]  Bjarne Husted,et al.  Experimental measurements of water mist systems and implications for modelling in CFD , 2007 .

[86]  Antonio Sánchez Kaiser,et al.  NUMERICAL MODEL OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING PROCESSES IN A NEW TYPE OF COOLING TOWER , 2005 .

[87]  Mass transfer from water droplets under simulated free-fall conditions , 1986 .

[88]  Cyrus B. Meher-Homji,et al.  Inlet Fogging of Gas Turbine Engines: Part A — Fog Droplet Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer and Practical Considerations , 2002 .

[89]  R. Gunn,et al.  The Evaporation, Temperature and Thermal Relaxation-Time of Freely Falling Waterdrops. , 1951 .

[90]  Ting Wang,et al.  Simulation of Mist Transport for Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling , 2004 .

[91]  Keiya Nishida,et al.  An experimental and numerical study on sprays injected from two-hole nozzles for DISI engines , 2009 .

[92]  M. G. Ford,et al.  Simulating the dynamics of spray droplets in the atmosphere using ballistic and random-walk models combined , 1997 .

[93]  H. Holterman.  Kinetics and evaporation of water drops in air , 2003 .

[94]  N. Frossling,et al.  Uber die Verdunstung fallender Tropfen , 1938 .

[95]  Cyrus B. Meher-Homji,et al.  Inlet Fogging of Gas Turbine Engines—Part I: Fog Droplet Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, and Practical Considerations , 2004 .

[96]  W. D. Bachalo,et al.  Spray Drop Size and Velocity Measurements Using the Phase/Doppler Particle Analyzer , 1987 .