Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome: risk factors in children and adolescents; a systematic review

The sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a disorder that currently affects a large number of children and adolescents. The aim of this review is to assess the factors causing this condition and the risk of suffering another disease associated with SAHS. The 50 articles selected for inclusion in this review were identified through GOOGLE SCHOLAR. The validity of the items was established by the degree of evidence obtained, by recommendations made in this respect and by the applicability to the situation observed. The review considers studies of SAHS in children and adolescents, taking into account those relating this disorder with obesity, hypertension, physical activity and other variables. The studies reviewed show that SAHS is associated with childhood obesity and that it increases the risk of cerebro-cardiovascular disease. It is also shown that SAHS decreases children's and adolescents' physical capacity and quality of life. Psychological aspects are also affected, impacting on academic performance, which is poorer than in healthy children. Therefore, early paediatric diagnosis of SAHS is important in order to prevent associated disorders.

[1]  D. V. van Thiel,et al.  Nutrition support for individuals with liver failure. , 2009, Nutrition reviews.

[2]  C. Bouchard.  Long-term programming of body size. , 2009, Nutrition reviews.

[3]  H. N. Tucker,et al.  Cost containment through nutrition intervention. , 2009, Nutrition reviews.

[4]  J. Saltzman,et al.  Nutrition status predicts survival in cirrhosis. , 2009, Nutrition reviews.

[5]  J. Ubbink.  Vitamin nutrition status and homocysteine: an atherogenic risk factor. , 2009, Nutrition reviews.

[6]  A. Tremblay,et al.  Energy Expenditure and Substrate Oxidation , 2003 .

[7]  L. Hulthén,et al.  Meal pattern, food choice, nutrient intake and lifestyle factors in The Göteborg Adolescence Study , 2003, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[8]  K. Flegal,et al.  Epidemiologic trends in overweight and obesity. , 2003, Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America.

[9]  R. Hetzer,et al.  Impact of body mass index on outcome in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting with and without valve surgery. , 2003, European heart journal.

[10]  R. Ortega,et al.  Influence of maternal education on food consumption and energy and nutrient intake in a group of pre-school children from Madrid. , 2003, International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition.

[11]  Shizuo Akira,et al.  Toll-like Receptor Signaling* , 2003, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[12]  C. Pichard,et al.  Prevalence of malnutrition in 1760 patients at hospital admission: a controlled population study of body composition. , 2003, Clinical nutrition.

[13]  A. Tefferi.  Anemia in adults: a contemporary approach to diagnosis. , 2003, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[14]  M. Correia,et al.  Prevalence of hospital malnutrition in Latin America: the multicenter ELAN study. , 2003, Nutrition.

[15]  P. Crookes,et al.  The Duodenal Switch Operation for the Treatment of Morbid Obesity , 2003, Annals of surgery.

[16]  D. Gigante,et al.  Risk factors of obesity among Brazilian adolescents: a case–control study , 2003, Public Health Nutrition.

[17]  V. Bini,et al.  Epidemiology of overweight and obesity among school children and adolescents in three provinces of central Italy, 1993–2001: study of potential influencing variables , 2003, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[18]  A. Marcos,et al.  Changes in the immune system are conditioned by nutrition , 2003, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[19]  R. Ortega,et al.  Influence of the desire to lose weight on food habits, and knowledge of the characteristics of a balanced diet, in a group of Madrid university students , 2003, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[20]  V. Kumpf.  Update on parenteral iron therapy. , 2003, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[21]  L. Fernández‐Cruz,et al.  Macrovascular events after kidney-pancreas transplantation in type 1 diabetic patients. , 2003, Transplantation Proceedings.

[22]  I. Rosenberg,et al.  Serum total homocysteine concentrations in children and adolescents: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). , 2003, The Journal of nutrition.

[23]  A. M. R. Pablo,et al.  Assessment of nutritional status on hospital admission: nutritional scores , 2003, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[24]  M. Larsson,et al.  Lived experiences of eating problems for patients with head and neck cancer during radiotherapy. , 2003, Journal of clinical nursing.

[25]  J. Kondrup,et al.  Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials. , 2003, Clinical nutrition.

[26]  D. Stocker.  Management of the bariatric surgery patient. , 2003, Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America.

[27]  M. Correia,et al.  The impact of malnutrition on morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay and costs evaluated through a multivariate model analysis. , 2003, Clinical nutrition.

[28]  D. Mackerras,et al.  Comparison of an Australian food-frequency questionnaire with diet records: implications for nutrition surveillance , 2003, Public Health Nutrition.

[29]  Y. Fujiyama,et al.  Effects of the Soluble Fibre Pectin on Intestinal Cell Proliferation, Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acid Production and Microbial Population , 2003, Digestion.

[30]  M. Latorre,et al.  Validation of a semi-quantitative adolescent food frequency questionnaire applied at a public school in São Paulo, Brazil , 2003, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[31]  Arthur S Slutsky,et al.  Injurious mechanical ventilation and end-organ epithelial cell apoptosis and organ dysfunction in an experimental model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. , 2003, JAMA.

[32]  G. Tognoni,et al.  Early enteral immunonutrition in patients with severe sepsis , 2003, Intensive Care Medicine.

[33]  P. Sharpe,et al.  Normal and abnormal dental development. , 2003, Human molecular genetics.

[34]  K. Elliot.  Nutritional considerations after bariatric surgery. , 2003, Critical care nursing quarterly.

[35]  C. Jonkers-Schuitema,et al.  Screening of nutritional status in The Netherlands. , 2003, Clinical nutrition.

[36]  M. Reeves,et al.  Predicting energy requirements in the clinical setting: are current methods evidence based? , 2003, Nutrition reviews.

[37]  D. Heyland,et al.  Does immunonutrition in patients with sepsis do more harm than good? , 2003, Intensive Care Medicine.

[38]  C. Pichard,et al.  The role of visceral proteins in the nutritional assessment of intensive care unit patients , 2003, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[39]  W. Leslie,et al.  AGA technical review on osteoporosis in gastrointestinal diseases. , 2003, Gastroenterology.

[40]  P. Gibson,et al.  The trophic effect of dietary fibre is not associated with a change in total crypt number in the distal colon of rats. , 2003, Carcinogenesis.

[41]  R. Swank,et al.  Review of MS patient survival on a Swank low saturated fat diet. , 2003, Nutrition.

[42]  J. Schebendach.  The use of indirect calorimetry in the clinical management of adolescents with nutritional disorders. , 2003, Adolescent medicine.

[43]  D. Allison,et al.  Years of life lost due to obesity. , 2003, JAMA.

[44]  H. Strander,et al.  A Systematic Overview of Radiation Therapy Effects in Head and Neck Cancer , 2003, Acta oncologica.

[45]  J. R. Andersen,et al.  Incidence of nutritional risk and causes of inadequate nutritional care in hospitals. , 2002, Clinical nutrition.

[46]  B. Rolls,et al.  Portion size of food affects energy intake in normal-weight and overweight men and women. , 2002, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[47]  J. Tjandra,et al.  Colonic epithelial atrophy induced by a fibre‐free diet in rats is reversed by minimal amounts of luminal butyrate, but only in the short term , 2002, ANZ journal of surgery.

[48]  J. Pomposelli,et al.  Nutrition support in the liver transplant patient. , 2002, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[49]  D. Dent.  IMMUNONUTRITION MAY INCREASE MORTALITY IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS WITH PNEUMONIA: RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED TRIAL: 63 , 2002 .

[50]  D. Mann,et al.  CD14-Deficient Mice Are Protected Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cardiac Inflammation and Left Ventricular Dysfunction , 2002, Circulation.

[51]  L. Pérez-Gallardo,et al.  Ingesta de micronutrientes en adolescentes de comedores escolares de Soria , 2002 .

[52]  B. Caballero.  Global Patterns of Child Health: The Role of Nutrition , 2002, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism.

[53]  M. Braga,et al.  Preoperative oral arginine and n-3 fatty acid supplementation improves the immunometabolic host response and outcome after colorectal resection for cancer. , 2002, Surgery.

[54]  S. Cnattingius,et al.  Plasma folate levels and risk of spontaneous abortion. , 2002, JAMA.

[55]  B. Bistrian,et al.  Immunonutrition in critical illness. , 2002, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[56]  E. Mason,et al.  Severe Metabolic Bone Disease as a Long-Term Complication of Obesity Surgery , 2002, Obesity surgery.

[57]  L. Birch,et al.  Obesigenic families: parents' physical activity and dietary intake patterns predict girls' risk of overweight , 2002, International Journal of Obesity.

[58]  Zaheer Aslam,et al.  Research on energy expenditure in individuals with eating disorders: a review. , 2002, The International journal of eating disorders.

[59]  L. Fitzpatrick,et al.  Does bone change after biliopancreatic diversion? , 2002, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.

[60]  Jin-Biou Chang,et al.  Plasma homocyst(e)ine, folate and vitamin B(12) levels among school children in Taiwan: The Taipei Children Heart Study. , 2002, Clinical biochemistry.

[61]  A. Avenell,et al.  Glutamine supplementation in serious illness: A systematic review of the evidence* , 2002, Critical care medicine.

[62]  Helena Alves de Carvalho Sampaio.  Aspectos nutricionais relacionados ao ciclo menstrual , 2002 .

[63]  B. Mikkelsen,et al.  Practices in relation to nutritional care and support--report from the Council of Europe. , 2002, Clinical nutrition.

[64]  H. Basu,et al.  Arginine: a clinical perspective. , 2002, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[65]  V. Burley,et al.  Development, validation and utilisation of food-frequency questionnaires – a review , 2002, Public Health Nutrition.

[66]  G. Nikiforidis,et al.  Comparison of Nutritional Deficiencies after Rouxen-Y Gastric Bypass and after Biliopancreatic Diversion with Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass , 2002, Obesity surgery.

[67]  J. González,et al.  Animales de experimentación como modelos de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 , 2002 .

[68]  D. Schwartz,et al.  Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and atherogenesis. , 2002, The New England journal of medicine.

[69]  M. Delgado-Rodríguez,et al.  Cholesterol and serum albumin levels as predictors of cross infection, death, and length of hospital stay. , 2002, Archives of surgery.

[70]  G. Oakley.  Delaying folic acid fortification of flour , 2002, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[71]  B. Popkin,et al.  Trends of obesity and underweight in older children and adolescents in the United States, Brazil, China, and Russia. , 2002, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[72]  G. Davey Smith,et al.  Childhood growth and adult cancer. , 2002, Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism.

[73]  M. El-Hazmi,et al.  A comparative study of prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in different provinces of Saudi Arabia. , 2002, Journal of tropical pediatrics.

[74]  L. Moreno,et al.  Resting energy expenditure in children and adolescents: agreement between calorimetry and prediction equations. , 2002, Clinical nutrition.

[75]  L. Berglund,et al.  Changes in food habits in healthy Swedish adolescents during the transition from adolescence to adulthood , 2002, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[76]  E. Żądzińska.  The interrelation between the number of deciduous teeth and the morphological maturity of a child. , 2002, Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht uber die biologisch-anthropologische Literatur.

[77]  R. Timmer,et al.  [Metabolic disregulation after starting feeding: "refeeding" syndrome: the central role of phosphate]. , 2002, Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde.

[78]  M. Candusso,et al.  Outcome and quality of life in paediatric home parenteral nutrition , 2002, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[79]  E. Esmatjes,et al.  Efectos del trasplante de riñón y páncreas en los índices neurofisiológicos de polineuropatía y función autonómica cardiorreguladora en pacientes diabéticos con insuficiencia renal terminal , 2002 .

[80]  Charles A. Janeway,et al.  Decoding the Patterns of Self and Nonself by the Innate Immune System , 2002, Science.

[81]  J. Manson,et al.  Fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women. , 2002, JAMA.

[82]  K. Covinsky,et al.  Serum Albumin Concentration and Clinical Assessments of Nutritional Status in Hospitalized Older People: Different Sides of Different Coins? , 2002, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[83]  L. Tapsell,et al.  Relationship of high energy expenditure and variation in dietary intake with reporting accuracy on 7 day food records and diet histories in a group of healthy adult volunteers , 2002, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[84]  S. Komiyama,et al.  Taste dysfunction in irradiated patients with head and neck cancer. , 2002, Fukuoka igaku zasshi = Hukuoka acta medica.

[85]  A. Polito,et al.  Are the general equations to predict BMR applicable to patients with anorexia nervosa? , 2002, Eating and weight disorders : EWD.

[86]  G. Weinstein,et al.  Clinical care pathway for head and neck cancer: a valuable tool for decreasing resource utilization. , 2002, Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.

[87]  D. Cole,et al.  Increased red cell folate concentrations in women of reproductive age after Canadian folic acid food fortification. , 2002, Epidemiology.

[88]  K. Houseknecht,et al.  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and its ligands: A review , 2002 .

[89]  A. Inui.  Cancer Anorexia‐Cachexia Syndrome: Current Issues in Research and Management , 2002, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[90]  C. Winick,et al.  Four worksite weight loss programs with high-stress occupations using a meal replacement product. , 2002, Occupational medicine.

[91]  M. Rocco,et al.  Nutritional status in the HEMO Study cohort at baseline. Hemodialysis. , 2002, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[92]  Ignez Salas Martins,et al.  Escores de consumo alimentar e níveis lipêmicos em população de São Paulo, Brasil Food consumption scores and serum lipids levels in the population of São Paulo, Brazil , 2002 .

[93]  J. Jones,et al.  The methodology of nutritional screening and assessment tools. , 2002, Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association.

[94]  J. Garnacho-Montero,et al.  Clinical and metabolic effects of two lipid emulsions on the parenteral nutrition of septic patients. , 2002, Nutrition.

[95]  R. Meier,et al.  Parenteral lipid emulsions and phagocytic systems , 2002, British Journal of Nutrition.

[96]  T. Ziegler.  Glutamine supplementation in bone marrow transplantation , 2002, British Journal of Nutrition.

[97]  K. Pentieva,et al.  Correlates of plasma homocysteine, cysteine and cysteinyl-glycine in respondents in the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey of Young People Aged 4–18 Years, and a comparison with the Survey of People Aged 65 Years and Over , 2002, British Journal of Nutrition.

[98]  R. Håkanson,et al.  Post-Gastrectomy Osteopenia in the Rat: Bone Structure is Preserved by Retaining 10%-30% of the Oxyntic Gland Area , 2002, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.

[99]  D. Midthune,et al.  Comparative validation of the Block, Willett, and National Cancer Institute food frequency questionnaires : the Eating at America's Table Study. , 2001, American journal of epidemiology.

[100]  S. O’Rahilly,et al.  The effect of the Gly16Arg polymorphism of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene on plasma free fatty acid levels is modulated by physical activity. , 2001, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[101]  P. Bachmann.  Nutrition au cours des radiothérapies et chimiothérapies , 2001 .

[102]  K. Kalantar-Zadeh,et al.  Association among SF36 quality of life measures and nutrition, hospitalization, and mortality in hemodialysis. , 2001, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[103]  S. De Henauw,et al.  Estimation of Dietary Fat Intake of Belgian Pregnant Women , 2001, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism.

[104]  G Block,et al.  A malnutrition-inflammation score is correlated with morbidity and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. , 2001, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[105]  B. Beutler,et al.  Sepsis begins at the interface of pathogen and host. , 2001, Biochemical Society transactions.

[106]  S. S. St. Jeor,et al.  Meal replacements in weight intervention. , 2001, Obesity research.

[107]  B. Mikkelsen,et al.  Food and nutritional care in hospitals: how to prevent undernutrition--report and guidelines from the Council of Europe. , 2001, Clinical nutrition.

[108]  S. Friel,et al.  Methodological issues using household budget survey expenditure data for individual food availability estimation: Irish experience in the DAFNE pan-European project , 2001, Public Health Nutrition.

[109]  T. Shoji,et al.  Paradox of risk factors for cardiovascular mortality in uremia: is a higher cholesterol level better for atherosclerosis in uremia? , 2001, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[110]  S. Biron,et al.  Malabsorptive obesity surgery. , 2001, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[111]  A. Drewnowski,et al.  Nutrition, physical activity, and quality of life in older adults: summary. , 2001, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[112]  T. Byrne.  Complications of surgery for obesity. , 2001, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[113]  A Trichopoulou,et al.  The DAFNE initiative: the methodology for assessing dietary patterns across Europe using household budget survey data , 2001, Public Health Nutrition.

[114]  F Vinicor,et al.  The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. , 2001, JAMA.

[115]  A. Sobhonslidsuk,et al.  Nutritional assessment in various stages of liver cirrhosis. , 2001, Nutrition.

[116]  T. Ziegler.  Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. , 2001, The Journal of nutrition.

[117]  J. Bower,et al.  Are conventional cardiovascular risk factors predictive of two-year mortality in hemodialysis patients? , 2001, Clinical nephrology.

[118]  Á. L. Jiménez,et al.  Resultados a 5 años de la derivación biliopancreática de Larrad en el tratamiento de la obesidad mórbida , 2001 .

[119]  J. M. M. Penco,et al.  Qué sucede en el hígado durante la alimentación artificial , 2001 .

[120]  J. Culebras.  Encuesta dietética y valoración de los nutrientes ingeridos en un grupo de pacientes VIH , 2001 .

[121]  M. Ferguson,et al.  Cancer: impact of nutrition intervention outcome--nutrition issues for patients. , 2001, Nutrition.

[122]  D. Heyland,et al.  Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence. , 2001, JAMA.

[123]  L. Moldawer,et al.  SEPSIS SYNDROMES: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF INNATE AND ACQUIRED IMMUNITY , 2001, Shock.

[124]  K. Peter,et al.  Effects of intravenous fat emulsions on lung function in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome or sepsis , 2001, Critical care medicine.

[125]  F. Moore.  Caution: use fat emulsions judiciously in intensive care patients. , 2001, Critical care medicine.

[126]  D. Krahn,et al.  Long-term Follow-up of Patients' Status after Gastric Bypass , 2001, Obesity surgery.

[127]  S. Burden,et al.  Validation of a nutrition screening tool: testing the reliability and validity. , 2001, Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association.

[128]  S. S. St. Jeor,et al.  Weight control in the physician's office. , 2001, Archives of internal medicine.

[129]  H. Smit.  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and protective effects of food intake: from hypothesis to evidence? , 2001, Respiratory research.

[130]  M. Crook,et al.  The importance of the refeeding syndrome. , 2001, Nutrition.

[131]  G. Babcock,et al.  Oral arginine improves blood pressure in renal transplant and hemodialysis patients. , 2001, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[132]  W. Caiaffa,et al.  Hospital malnutrition: the Brazilian national survey (IBRANUTRI): a study of 4000 patients. , 2001, Nutrition.

[133]  G. Hardy,et al.  Practical implications of nutritional support during continuous renal replacement therapy , 2001, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[134]  M. Lee,et al.  Life-threatening refeeding syndrome in a severely malnourished anorexia nervosa patient. , 2001, Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi.

[135]  R. Rizzoli,et al.  Does the mini nutritional assessment predict hospitalization outcomes in older people? , 2001, Age and ageing.

[136]  A. Klibanski,et al.  Changes in regional fat redistribution and the effects of estrogen during spontaneous weight gain in women with anorexia nervosa. , 2001, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[137]  H. Melgar-Quiñonez,et al.  Acculturation of Mexican-American mothers influences child feeding strategies. , 2001, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[138]  A. Jackson,et al.  Dietary guidelines for pregnancy: a review of current evidence , 2001, Public Health Nutrition.

[139]  D. Heyland,et al.  Total parenteral nutrition in the surgical patient: a meta-analysis. , 2001, Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie.

[140]  R. McCall,et al.  The validation of a nursing nutritional assessment tool for use on acute elderly wards. , 2001, Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association.

[141]  J Ean,et al.  Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[142]  P. Wilson,et al.  Determinants of plasma total homocysteine concentration in the Framingham Offspring cohort. , 2001, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[143]  C. Roa,et al.  Enteral feeding in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients , 2001, Respirology.

[144]  L. Scalfi,et al.  The prediction of basal metabolic rate in female patients with anorexia nervosa , 2001, International Journal of Obesity.

[145]  J. Medina,et al.  Early Oral Feeding Following Total Laryngectomy , 2001, The Laryngoscope.

[146]  M. Probst,et al.  Body composition of anorexia nervosa patients assessed by underwater weighing and skinfold-thickness measurements before and after weight gain. , 2001, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[147]  E. Snyder,et al.  The human obesity gene map: the 2000 update. , 2001, Obesity research.

[148]  M. Badia,et al.  Serum albumin as indicator of clinical evolution in patients on parenteral nutrition. Multivariate study. , 2001, Clinical nutrition.

[149]  J. Kratzsch,et al.  Clinical aspects of obesity in childhood and adolescence , 2001, Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[150]  I. Godsland,et al.  Plasma total homocysteine concentrations are unrelated to insulin sensitivity and components of the metabolic syndrome in healthy men. , 2001, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[151]  I. Velasco,et al.  Refeeding procedures after 43 days of total fasting. , 2001, Nutrition.

[152]  S. Williams.  Overweight at age 21: the association with body mass index in childhood and adolescence and parents' body mass index. A cohort study of New Zealanders born in 1972–1973 , 2001, International Journal of Obesity.

[153]  M. Sullivan,et al.  Health‐related quality of life three years after diagnosis of head and neck cancer—A longitudinal study , 2001, Head & neck.

[154]  L. Birch,et al.  Maternal milk consumption predicts the tradeoff between milk and soft drinks in young girls' diets. , 2001, The Journal of nutrition.

[155]  Stephan Zipfel,et al.  Altered energy metabolism in anorexia nervosa , 2001, Psychoneuroendocrinology.

[156]  H. Spiegel,et al.  Animal Models of Sepsis , 2001, Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research.

[157]  V. Kosma,et al.  The incidence and etiology of postlaryngectomy pharyngocutaneous fistulae , 2001, Head & neck.

[158]  R. Dringen,et al.  Metabolism and functions of glutathione in brain , 2000, Progress in Neurobiology.

[159]  G. Jensen,et al.  Malnutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2000, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[160]  E. Wouters,et al.  Factors contributing to alterations in skeletal muscle and plasma amino acid profiles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2000, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[161]  I. Macdonald,et al.  High food wastage and low nutritional intakes in hospital patients. , 2000, Clinical nutrition.

[162]  A. Astrup,et al.  Obesity : Preventing and managing the global epidemic , 2000 .

[163]  J. Patrie,et al.  Alterations in growth and body composition during puberty. IV. Energy intake estimated by the youth-adolescent food-frequency questionnaire: validation by the doubly labeled water method. , 2000, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[164]  T. Baranowski,et al.  Validation of three food frequency questionnaires and 24-hour recalls with serum carotenoid levels in a sample of African-American adults. , 2000, American journal of epidemiology.

[165]  J. Melchior.  [Complications of renutrition]. , 2000, Annales de medecine interne.

[166]  S. Mitchell,et al.  Survival after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement in older persons. , 2000, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[167]  H. Ku,et al.  Age-associated changes of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the rat brain. , 2000, Journal of biomedical science.

[168]  Patricia M Sheean,et al.  Impact of declines in nutritional status on outcomes in adult patients hospitalized for more than 7 days. , 2000, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[169]  M. Burnier,et al.  Renal sodium handling in acute and chronic salt loading/depletion protocols: the confounding influence of acute water loading , 2000, Journal of hypertension.

[170]  C. Bouchard,et al.  Gene-diet interactions in obesity. , 2000, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[171]  M. Miodovnik,et al.  Pregnant adolescent and adult women have similarly low intakes of selected nutrients. , 2000, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[172]  M. Onis,et al.  Prevalence and trends of overweight among preschool children in developing countries. , 2000, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[173]  G. Sacks,et al.  Use of Subjective Global Assessment to Identify Nutrition-Associated Complications and Death in Geriatric Long-Term Care Facility Residents , 2000, Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

[174]  L. Jacobson.  CRH and NPY are not decreased in hypophagic, protein-deprived rats , 2000, Peptides.

[175]  O. Izaola,et al.  [Usefulness of postoperative support by enteral nutrition of patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the larynx]. , 2000, Nutrición Hospitalaria.

[176]  M. Fisher,et al.  Hypophosphatemia secondary to oral refeeding in anorexia nervosa. , 2000, The International journal of eating disorders.

[177]  J. McDonald,et al.  Production of mouse models for the study of human inborn errors of metabolism. , 2000, Molecular genetics and metabolism.

[178]  A. Wall,et al.  Book ReviewTo Err is Human: building a safer health system Kohn L T Corrigan J M Donaldson M S Washington DC USA: Institute of Medicine/National Academy Press ISBN 0 309 06837 1 $34.95 , 2000 .

[179]  M. Braga,et al.  Health care resources consumed to treat postoperative infections: cost saving by perioperative immunonutrition , 2000 .

[180]  H. Mangge,et al.  Insulin is an independent correlate of plasma homocysteine levels in obese children and adolescents. , 2000, Diabetes care.

[181]  M. Donnenberg,et al.  Pathogenic strategies of enteric bacteria , 2000, Nature.

[182]  R. Bellomo,et al.  How to feed patients with renal dysfunction. , 2000, Current opinion in critical care.

[183]  A. Tüzün,et al.  Comparison of the efficacy of medium chain triglycerides with long chain triglycerides in total parenteral nutrition in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. , 2000, Clinical nutrition.

[184]  M. Laville,et al.  Nutritional aspects in hemodialysis. , 2000, Kidney international. Supplement.

[185]  A. Rademaker,et al.  Pretreatment swallowing function in patients with head and neck cancer , 2000, Head & neck.

[186]  C. Picó,et al.  Obesity: molecular bases of a multifactorial problem , 2000, European journal of nutrition.

[187]  M. Ferguson,et al.  Pressure ulcer management: the importance of nutrition. , 2000, Medsurg nursing : official journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses.

[188]  T. Todoroki,et al.  Enteral Vitamin B12 Supplements Reverse Postgastrectomy B12 Deficiency , 2000, Annals of surgery.

[189]  I. Pearce,et al.  Stabilisation of diabetic retinopathy following simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplant , 2000, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[190]  S. Hall,et al.  The impact of comorbidity on the survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck , 2000, Head & neck.

[191]  J. M. Hernández,et al.  Estudios genéticos de la obesidad en humanos , 2000 .

[192]  Graham M Lord,et al.  Starvation, Leptin and Epithelial Cell Proliferation in the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Mouse , 2000, Digestion.

[193]  S. Lienhard,et al.  Antioxidant status of surgical patients receiving TPN with an Ω-3-fatty acid-containing lipid emulsion supplemented with α-tocopherol , 2000 .

[194]  D. Schwartz,et al.  TLR4 mutations are associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in humans , 2000, Nature Genetics.

[195]  C Bogardus,et al.  Energy balance and weight regulation: genetics versus environment , 2000, British Journal of Nutrition.

[196]  C. Wanner,et al.  Expert Working Group report on nutrition in adult patients with renal insufficiency (part 1 of 2). , 2000, Clinical nutrition.

[197]  C. Hill,et al.  Prevalence of malnutrition on admission to four hospitals in England. The Malnutrition Prevalence Group. , 2000, Clinical nutrition.

[198]  A. Hamsten,et al.  The Q/E27 polymorphism in the β2‐adrenoceptor gene is associated with increased body weight and dyslipoproteinaemia involving triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins , 2000, Journal of internal medicine.

[199]  Roy J Martin,et al.  Protein selection, food intake, and body composition in response to the amount of dietary protein , 2000, Physiology & Behavior.

[200]  S. Langenberg,et al.  Einfluss von Begleiterkrankungen auf die Prognose von Plattenepithelkarzinomen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich , 2000 .

[201]  J. Fenton,et al.  Comparison between videofluoroscopy and milk-swallow endoscopy in the assessment of swallowing function. , 2000, Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences.

[202]  F. Santolaria,et al.  Nutritional assessment in alcoholic patients. Its relationship with alcoholic intake, feeding habits, organic complications and social problems. , 2000, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[203]  J. Zaragozano.  Gasto energético y anorexia nerviosa , 2000 .

[204]  P. Cassano,et al.  Antioxidant nutrients and pulmonary function: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). , 2000, American journal of epidemiology.

[205]  T. Cole,et al.  Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[206]  R. Sengupta,et al.  Practicalities of nutrition support in chronic liver disease. , 2000, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[207]  P. Kopelman.  Obesity as a medical problem , 2000, Nature.

[208]  S. Thys-Jacobs,et al.  Micronutrients and the Premenstrual Syndrome: The Case for Calcium , 2000, Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

[209]  A. Astrup,et al.  Leptin is influenced both by predisposition to obesity and diet composition , 2000, International Journal of Obesity.

[210]  C. Lebrun,et al.  Menstrual cycle, contraception, and performance. , 2000, Clinics in sports medicine.

[211]  R. Shepherd,et al.  Change in body mass index does not predict change in body composition in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. , 2000, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[212]  E. Durst,et al.  The A, B, C's of bone building in adolescence. , 2000, Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners.

[213]  M. Garaulet,et al.  Dietary intake in adolescents from south-east Spain and its relationship with physical activity. , 2000, Nutrición Hospitalaria.

[214]  M. Riella.  Malnutrition in dialysis: malnourishment or uremic inflammatory response? , 2000, Kidney international.

[215]  C. Jing,et al.  An experimental study on systemic inflammatory response syndrome induced by subeschar tissue fluid , 2000 .

[216]  R. Negrin,et al.  Effect of oral glutamine supplementation during bone marrow transplantation. , 2000, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[217]  K. Johansen,et al.  Vintage, nutritional status, and survival in hemodialysis patients. , 2000, Kidney international.

[218]  T. Brennan,et al.  Incidence and types of adverse events and negligent care in Utah and Colorado. , 2000, Medical care.

[219]  D. J. Bryg,et al.  An immune‐enhancing enteral diet reduces mortality rate and episodes of bacteremia in septic intensive care unit patients , 2000, Critical care medicine.

[220]  M. Cockerham,et al.  Oral Glutamine for the Prevention of Oral Mucositis Associated with High-Dose Paclitaxel and Melphalan for Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation , 2000, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

[221]  R. Weichselbaum,et al.  Swallowing function in patients with head and neck cancer prior to treatment. , 2000, Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.

[222]  A. Schols,et al.  Nutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2000, Current opinion in pulmonary medicine.

[223]  R. Ortega,et al.  Differences in Dietary Intake and Activity Level Between Normal‐Weight and Overweight or Obese Adolescents , 2000, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.

[224]  L. Grummer-Strawn,et al.  Obesity in women from developing countries , 2000, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[225]  J. Cruz,et al.  Dietary habits and nutritional status in adolescents over Europe--Southern Europe. , 2000, European journal of clinical nutrition.

[226]  B. D. White,et al.  Food intake, energy balance and serum leptin concentrations in rats fed low-protein diets. , 2000, The Journal of nutrition.

[227]  R. Kushner.  Managing the obese patient after bariatric surgery: a case report of severe malnutrition and review of the literature. , 2000, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[228]  B. Burton-Freeman.  Dietary fiber and energy regulation. , 2000, The Journal of nutrition.

[229]  M. Lean,et al.  Still hungry in hospital: identifying malnutrition in acute hospital admissions. , 2000, QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians.

[230]  C Leclercq,et al.  The influence of survey duration on estimates of food intakes and its relevance for public health nutrition and food safety issues , 2000, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[231]  J. Auwerx,et al.  Impact of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on adiposity, lipids and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus , 2000, International Journal of Obesity.

[232]  C. Wyatt,et al.  Nutrient Intake and Growth of Preschool Children from Different Socioeconomic Regions in the City of Oaxaca, México , 2000, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism.

[233]  S. Kitano,et al.  Osteoporosis After Gastrectomy: Bone Mineral Density of Lumbar Spine Assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry , 2000, Calcified Tissue International.

[234]  D. Dieterich.  Hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus: clinical issues in coinfection. , 1999, The American journal of medicine.

[235]  D. J. Bryg,et al.  Immunonutrition in the critically ill: a systematic review of clinical outcome. , 1999, Critical care medicine.

[236]  A. Frei,et al.  Outcome and cost-effectiveness of perioperative enteral immunonutrition in patients undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal tract surgery: a prospective randomized study. , 1999, Archives of surgery.

[237]  P. Bachmann,et al.  [Good clinical practice in nutritional management of head and neck cancer patients]. , 1999, Bulletin du cancer.

[238]  R. Wight,et al.  Nutritional consequences of radiotherapy in early laryngeal carcinoma. , 1999, Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

[239]  C. Summerbell,et al.  Childhood predictors of adult obesity: a systematic review. , 1999, International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[240]  T. Finucane,et al.  Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia: a review of the evidence. , 1999, JAMA.

[241]  M. Laakso,et al.  Two polymorphisms in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene are associated with severe overweight among obese women. , 1999, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[242]  W. Wahli,et al.  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: nuclear control of metabolism. , 1999, Endocrine reviews.

[243]  Soeters Pb,et al.  Glutamine as a key ingredient in protein metabolism , 1999 .

[244]  J. Lees.  Incidence of weight loss in head and neck cancer patients on commencing radiotherapy treatment at a regional oncology centre. , 1999, European journal of cancer care.

[245]  G. Reaven,et al.  Plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy volunteers are not related to differences in insulin-mediated glucose disposal. , 1999, Atherosclerosis.

[246]  Y. Liu,et al.  The impact of alanyl-glutamine on clinical safety, nitrogen balance, intestinal permeability, and clinical outcome in postoperative patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study of 120 patients. , 1999, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[247]  E. Lowrie,et al.  Body weight-for-height relationships predict mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. , 1999, Kidney international.

[248]  M. Szklo,et al.  Epidemiology: Beyond the Basics , 1999 .

[249]  M. Murray,et al.  Effect of enteral feeding with eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidants in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Enteral Nutrition in ARDS Study Group. , 1999, Critical care medicine.

[250]  G. Snow,et al.  The impact of nutritional status on the prognoses of patients with advanced head and neck cancer , 1999, Cancer.

[251]  J. E. Aguilar-Nascimento,et al.  Enhanced mucosal re-epithelialization induced by short chain fatty acids in experimental colitis. , 1999, Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas.

[252]  G. Zaloga.  Dietary lipids: ancestral ligands and regulators of cell signaling pathways. , 1999, Critical care medicine.

[253]  G. Hankey,et al.  Homocysteine and vascular disease , 1999, The Lancet.

[254]  A. Gawande,et al.  The incidence and nature of surgical adverse events in Colorado and Utah in 1992. , 1999, Surgery.

[255]  J. Ringers,et al.  Effect of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation on mortality of patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal failure , 1999, The Lancet.

[256]  R. Walls,et al.  Protein-energy undernutrition among elderly hospitalized patients: a prospective study. , 1999, JAMA.

[257]  M. Adolph.  Lipid Emulsions in Parenteral Nutrition , 1999, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism.

[258]  M. Ferguson,et al.  Development of a valid and reliable malnutrition screening tool for adult acute hospital patients. , 1999, Nutrition.

[259]  J. Martínez,et al.  Nutrient oxidation and metabolic rate as affected by meals containing different proportions of carbohydrate and fat, in healthy young women , 1999, European journal of nutrition.

[260]  R. Ortega,et al.  Influence of Calcium Intake on Gestational Hypertension , 1999, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism.

[261]  C. Snyderman,et al.  Reduced postoperative infections with an immune‐enhancing nutritional supplement , 1999, The Laryngoscope.

[262]  W. Dietz,et al.  The Relation of Overweight to Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Children and Adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study , 1999, Pediatrics.

[263]  P. Wilson,et al.  The effect of folic acid fortification on plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[264]  C. Rice-Evans,et al.  Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. , 1999, Free radical biology & medicine.

[265]  J. Boeynaems,et al.  Plasma homocysteine concentration in a Belgian school-age population. , 1999, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[266]  K. Werdan,et al.  Impaired energy metabolism in hearts of septic baboons: diminished activities of Complex I and Complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. , 1999, Shock.

[267]  P. Stenvinkel,et al.  Strong association between malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure. , 1999, Kidney international.

[268]  F. Fernández-Bañares,et al.  [Revision and consensus in nutritional therapy: nutrition in inflammatory intestinal diseases]. , 1999, Nutrición Hospitalaria.

[269]  B. Skikne,et al.  Oral and parenteral glutamine in bone marrow transplantation: a randomized, double-blind study. , 1999, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[270]  K. Greenlund,et al.  Plasma homocysteine distribution and its association with parental history of coronary artery disease in black and white children: the Bogalusa Heart Study. , 1999, Circulation.

[271]  H. Blom,et al.  Hyperhomocysteinemia: a risk factor for ischemic stroke in children. , 1999, Circulation.

[272]  E. Rimm,et al.  Distribution of and factors associated with serum homocysteine levels in children: Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. , 1999, JAMA.

[273]  J. Bower,et al.  Influence of excess weight on mortality and hospital stay in 1346 hemodialysis patients. , 1999, Kidney international.

[274]  Sonia Tucunduva Philippi,et al.  Pirâmide alimentar adaptada: guia para escolha dos alimentos , 1999 .

[275]  L. Walker,et al.  Enteral nutritional supplementation with key nutrients in patients with critical illness and cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. , 1999, Annals of surgery.

[276]  D. Altman,et al.  Measuring agreement in method comparison studies , 1999, Statistical methods in medical research.

[277]  C. Braunschweig.  Creating a clinical nutrition registry: prospects, problems, and preliminary results. , 1999, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[278]  A. Ruello,et al.  Relationship between plasma leptin levels and the tumor necrosis factor-α system in obese subjects , 1999, International Journal of Obesity.

[279]  R. Brolin,et al.  Survey of Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation after Gastric Bypass and Biliopancreatic Diversion for Morbid Obesity , 1999, Obesity surgery.

[280]  M. Braga,et al.  Perioperative immunonutrition in patients undergoing cancer surgery: results of a randomized double-blind phase 3 trial. , 1999, Archives of surgery.

[281]  I. Dupont.  Peroxidation of lipid emulsions: effects of changes in fatty acid pattern and alpha-tocopherol content on the sensitivity to peroxidative damage. , 1999, Clinical nutrition.

[282]  J. Bolinder,et al.  Improved survival in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and end-stage diabetic nephropathy 10 years after combined pancreas and kidney transplantation. , 1999, Transplantation.

[283]  V. Large,et al.  The different effects of a Gln27Glu β2‐adrenoceptor gene polymorphism on obesity in males and in females , 1999, Journal of internal medicine.

[284]  E. Tai,et al.  A study in the relationships between leptin, insulin, and body fat in Asian subjects , 1999, International Journal of Obesity.

[285]  N. Abramson,et al.  'Common' uncommon anemias. , 1999, American family physician.

[286]  M. Fischer,et al.  Antioxidant status in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome , 1999, Intensive Care Medicine.

[287]  N. Christou,et al.  Iron Absorption and Therapy after Gastric Bypass , 1999, Obesity surgery.

[288]  E. Gunter,et al.  Rapid and accurate HPLC assay for plasma total homocysteine and cysteine in a clinical laboratory setting. , 1999, Clinical chemistry.

[289]  W. Sano,et al.  Effects of soybean oil emulsion and eicosapentaenoic acid on stress response and immune function after a severely stressful operation. , 1999, Annals of surgery.

[290]  P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli,et al.  Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. , 1998, Science.

[291]  Rosely Sichieri,et al.  Fatores associados à obesidade em adolescentes , 1998 .

[292]  Maria Goretti Pessoa De Ararujo Burgos,et al.  Avaliação do estado nutricional de pacientes internados em um hospital universitário , 1998 .

[293]  R. Casamitjana,et al.  Successful pancreas and kidney transplantation: a view of metabolic control. , 1998, Clinical transplantation.

[294]  B. Lernfelt,et al.  Energy intake and expenditure: Validation of a diet history by heart rate monitoring, activity diary and doubly labeled water , 1998, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[295]  Johan Auwerx,et al.  A Pro12Ala substitution in PPARγ2 associated with decreased receptor activity, lower body mass index and improved insulin sensitivity , 1998, Nature Genetics.

[296]  J. Melchior.  From malnutrition to refeeding during anorexia nervosa. , 1998, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[297]  C. Yen,et al.  Association of the Pro12Ala variant in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene with obesity in two Caucasian populations. , 1998, Diabetes.

[298]  B. Lindholm,et al.  Malnutrition, cardiac disease, and mortality: an integrated point of view. , 1998, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[299]  R. Solà,et al.  Effect of malabsorption on nutritional status and resting energy expenditure in HIV‐infected patients , 1998, AIDS.

[300]  L. Majem,et al.  Prevalencia de la obesidad en España: estudio SEEDO'97 , 1998 .

[301]  Y. Yazaki,et al.  Effect of the Pro12Ala variant of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 gene on adiposity, fat distribution, and insulin sensitivity in Japanese men. , 1998, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[302]  D. Reed,et al.  Estimates of the heights and weights of family members: accuracy of informant reports , 1998, International Journal of Obesity.

[303]  M. Sanz,et al.  [Postoperative complications in malnourished patients: economic impact and predictive value of some nutritional indicators]. , 1998 .

[304]  L. Grummer-Strawn,et al.  Obesity in Latin American women and children. , 1998, The Journal of nutrition.

[305]  J. Tian,et al.  Calcium carbonate and the premenstrual syndrome : effects on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms , 1998 .

[306]  J. Kondrup,et al.  Clinical nutrition in Danish hospitals: a questionnaire-basednutrition among doctors and nurses , 1998 .

[307]  R. Casamitjana,et al.  Recurrence of immunological markers for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in immunosuppressed patients after pancreas transplantation. , 1998, Transplantation.

[308]  D. Sutherland,et al.  Reversal of lesions of diabetic nephropathy after pancreas transplantation. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[309]  D. Bihari,et al.  A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial of enteral immunonutrition in the critically ill. Guy's Hospital Intensive Care Group. , 1998, Critical care medicine.

[310]  P. Ritz,et al.  Bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements of total body water and extracellular water in healthy elderly subjects , 1998, International Journal of Obesity.

[311]  R. Brettle,et al.  The impact of chronic hepatitis C virus infection on HIV disease and progression in intravenous drug users , 1998, European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[312]  T. Peters,et al.  Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular mortality: a 57-y follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort. , 1998, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[313]  D. W. Hess,et al.  Biliopancreatic Diversion with a Duodenal Switch , 1998, Obesity surgery.

[314]  B. Altura,et al.  Sex steroid hormones modulate serum ionized magnesium and calcium levels throughout the menstrual cycle in women. , 1998, Fertility and sterility.

[315]  M. Malinow,et al.  Reduction of plasma homocyst(e)ine levels by breakfast cereal fortified with folic acid in patients with coronary heart disease. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[316]  Kelly Gs.  Clinical applications of N-acetylcysteine. , 1998 .

[317]  S. Phinney,et al.  Changes of serum leptin and endocrine and metabolic parameters after 7 days of energy restriction in men and women. , 1998, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[318]  S. Kitano,et al.  Bone Mineral Density in Patients Taking H2-Receptor Antagonist , 1998, Calcified Tissue International.

[319]  J. Díez,et al.  Papel de la nutrición en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica , 1998 .

[320]  M. Abrahamowicz,et al.  Does hepatitis C virus co‐infection accelerate clinical and immunological evolution of HIV‐infected patients? , 1998, AIDS.

[321]  C. Pichard,et al.  Effect of parenteral medium- and long-chain triglycerides on lymphocytes subpopulations and functions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a prospective study. , 1998, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[322]  L. Vaszar,et al.  Refeeding syndrome induced by cautious enteral alimentation of a moderately malnourished patient. , 1998, The Gastroenterologist.

[323]  M. Kohn,et al.  Cardiac arrest and delirium: presentations of the refeeding syndrome in severely malnourished adolescents with anorexia nervosa. , 1998, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.

[324]  J. Moran,et al.  A pharmacokinetic study of peritoneal absorption of glucose and alanine in rats: nutritional implications. , 1998, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[325]  H. Prins,et al.  Use of a mixture of medium-chain triglycerides and longchain triglycerides versus long-chain triglycerides in critically ill surgical patients: a randomized prospective double-blind study. , 1998, Clinical nutrition.

[326]  S. Vollset,et al.  Major lifestyle determinants of plasma total homocysteine distribution: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study. , 1998, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[327]  M. Rodríguez-Martínez,et al.  Role of lipid peroxidation and the glutathione‐dependent antioxidant system in the impairment of endothelium‐dependent relaxations with age , 1998, British journal of pharmacology.

[328]  D. Schoenfeld,et al.  Effects of fasting and glucose infusion on basal and overnight leptin concentrations in normal-weight women. , 1997, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[329]  S. Vollset,et al.  Plasma homocysteine levels and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[330]  M. Braga,et al.  Effect of route of delivery and formulation of postoperative nutritional support in patients undergoing major operations for malignant neoplasms. , 1997, Archives of surgery.

[331]  M B Katan,et al.  Prevalence of malnutrition in nonsurgical hospitalized patients and its association with disease complications. , 1997, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[332]  L. Matarese.  Indirect calorimetry: technical aspects. , 1997, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[333]  S. Heys,et al.  Modulation in vitro of human natural cytotoxicity, lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogens and cytokine production by essential fatty acids , 1997, Immunology.

[334]  É. Ramírez-Barba,et al.  [Malnutrition and total parenteral nutrition: a cohort study to determine the incidence of refeeding syndrome]. , 1997, Revista de gastroenterologia de Mexico.

[335]  H. Liebich,et al.  High prevalence of bone disorders after gastrectomy. , 1997, American journal of surgery.

[336]  M. Pepe,et al.  Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[337]  J. Kinney,et al.  Nutrition support in clinical practice: review of published data and recommendations for future research directions. , 1997, Clinical nutrition.

[338]  U. Joosten,et al.  Early postoperative enteral immunonutrition: clinical outcome and cost-comparison analysis in surgical patients. , 1997, Critical care medicine.

[339]  K. Mullen,et al.  Relationship of nutritional status to length of stay, hospital costs, and discharge status of patients hospitalized in the medicine service. , 1997, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[340]  R. Shepherd,et al.  Use of Indirect Calorimetry in Nutritional Rehabilitation of Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa , 1997 .

[341]  M. Polansky,et al.  Effects of prolonged hyperinsulinemia on serum leptin in normal human subjects. , 1997, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[342]  T. R. Kirk,et al.  Breakfast: a review of associations with measures of dietary intake, physiology and biochemistry , 1997, British Journal of Nutrition.

[343]  T. McCulloch,et al.  Risk factors for pulmonary complications in the postoperative head and neck surgery patient , 1997, Head & neck.

[344]  G. Snow,et al.  Assessment of malnutrition parameters in head and neck cancer and their relation to postoperative complications , 1997, Head & neck.

[345]  M. Brockhaus.  Soluble TNF receptor: what is the significance? , 1997, Intensive Care Medicine.

[346]  C. Janeway,et al.  A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity , 1997, Nature.

[347]  T. Cole,et al.  Review: Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness , 1997, International Journal of Obesity.

[348]  M. Apfelbaum,et al.  Increase in diet-induced thermogenesis at the start of refeeding in severely malnourished anorexia nervosa patients. , 1997, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[349]  R. Considine.  Weight regulation, leptin and growth hormone. , 1997, Hormone research.

[350]  C. Natanson,et al.  Anti-inflammatory therapies to treat sepsis and septic shock: a reassessment. , 1997, Critical care medicine.

[351]  B. Bistrian,et al.  Body composition changes in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. , 1997, Nutrition.

[352]  J. Siepler,et al.  A prospective, randomized trial of intravenous fat emulsion administration in trauma victims requiring total parenteral nutrition. , 1997, The Journal of trauma.

[353]  L. McCombie,et al.  Nutritional considerations in intravenous drug misusers: a review of the literature and current issues for dietitians , 1997 .

[354]  E. Bugianesi,et al.  Protein-calorie malnutrition and the etiology of cirrhosis. , 1997, The American journal of gastroenterology.

[355]  D. Wilmore,et al.  Short bowel syndrome: new therapeutic approaches. , 1997, Current problems in surgery.

[356]  J. Kinney,et al.  Nutrition support in clinical practice: review of published data and recommendations for future research directions. Summary of a conference sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, and American Society for Clinical Nutrition. , 1997, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[357]  R. Maier,et al.  Effects of an immune-enhancing diet in critically injured patients. , 1997, The Journal of trauma.

[358]  J. Saffle,et al.  Randomized trial of immune-enhancing enteral nutrition in burn patients. , 1997, The Journal of trauma.

[359]  M. Jacobson,et al.  The Metabolic Responses to Starvation and Refeeding in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa , 1997, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[360]  R. Griffiths,et al.  Six-month outcome of critically ill patients given glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition. , 1997, Nutrition.

[361]  L. Mccargar,et al.  Changes in body composition and fat distribution after short-term weight gain in patients with anorexia nervosa. , 1997, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[362]  M. Gerber,et al.  Comparison of dietary assessment methods in a Southern French population: use of weighed records, estimated-diet records and a food-frequency questionnaire , 1997, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[363]  R. Mp,et al.  The effect of the composition of the enteral nutrition on infection in the critical patient , 1997 .

[364]  L. Walker,et al.  The value of peri-operative nutrition in the sick patient , 1997, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society.

[365]  L. Braitman,et al.  Serum albumin is predictive of 30-day survival after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. , 1997, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[366]  H. Crawley.  Dietary and lifestyle differences between Scottish teenagers and those living in England and Wales , 1997, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[367]  S. Huttly,et al.  The role of conceptual frameworks in epidemiological analysis: a hierarchical approach. , 1997, International journal of epidemiology.

[368]  M. Salgado,et al.  Effect of total parenteral nutrition with different lipid emulsions of human monocyte and neutrophil functions. , 1997, Nutrition.

[369]  D. Classen,et al.  Adverse drug events in hospitalized patients. Excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality. , 1997, JAMA.

[370]  Patricia R. Johnson,et al.  Relationship of plasma leptin to plasma insulin and adiposity in normal weight and overweight women: effects of dietary fat content and sustained weight loss. , 1996, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[371]  W. Tamborlane,et al.  Co-existence of severe insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in pre-adolescent obese children , 1996, Diabetologia.

[372]  B. Spiegelman,et al.  Adipogenesis and Obesity: Rounding Out the Big Picture , 1996, Cell.

[373]  J. Rippe,et al.  The Importance of Fat Free Mass Maintenance in Weight Loss Programmes , 1996, Sports medicine.

[374]  S. Klein,et al.  Relation between plasma leptin concentration and body fat, gender, diet, age, and metabolic covariates. , 1996, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[375]  Kenneth M. Murphy,et al.  Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes , 1996, Nature.

[376]  G. Beecher,et al.  Relation between Sodium Balance and Menstrual Cycle Symptoms in Normal Women , 1996, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[377]  R. Ulevitch,et al.  Antibodies against CD14 protect primates from endotoxin-induced shock. , 1996, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[378]  T. Fabian,et al.  A randomized trial of isonitrogenous enteral diets after severe trauma. An immune-enhancing diet reduces septic complications. , 1996, Annals of surgery.

[379]  P. Marik,et al.  Refeeding hypophosphatemia in critically ill patients in an intensive care unit. A prospective study. , 1996, Archives of surgery.

[380]  M. D. Williams,et al.  Gastrointestinal and nutritional sequelae of bone marrow transplantation. , 1996, Archives of disease in childhood.

[381]  D. Neumark-Sztainer,et al.  Correlates of inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents. , 1996, Preventive medicine.

[382]  D. Aeppli,et al.  Neuropathy and mortality in diabetes: Influence of pancreas transplantation , 1996, Muscle & nerve.

[383]  P. Mortensen,et al.  Importance of colonic support for energy absorption as small-bowel failure proceeds. , 1996, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[384]  R. Grimble.  Interaction between nutrients, pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation. , 1996, Clinical science.

[385]  A. Hunter.  Nutrition management of patients with neoplastic disease of the head and neck treated with radiation therapy. , 1996, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[386]  E. Moore,et al.  The abdominal compartment syndrome. , 1996, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[387]  E. Haug,et al.  Serum calcidiol and calcitriol concentrations in elderly people: variations with age, sex, season and disease. , 1996, Clinical nutrition.

[388]  M. I. Halliday,et al.  Modulation of TNFα and IL-6 in a peritonitis model using pentoxifylline , 1996 .

[389]  J. Shou,et al.  Lipids and immune function. , 1996, Nutrición Hospitalaria.

[390]  C. Loguercio,et al.  Nutritional status and survival of patients with liver cirrhosis: anthropometric evaluation. , 1996, Minerva gastroenterologica e dietologica.

[391]  C. Pichard,et al.  Energy expenditure in anorexia nervosa: can fat-free mass as measured by bioelectrical impedance predict energy expenditure in hospitalized patients? , 1996, Clinical nutrition.

[392]  E. Engstrom,et al.  Relação entre o estado nutricional materno e sobrepeso nas crianças brasileiras , 1996 .

[393]  N. Vranjes,et al.  Clinical outcome and immunology of postoperative arginine, ω-3 fatty acids, and nucleotide-enriched enteral feeding: A randomized prospective comparison with standard enteral and low calorie/low fat IV solutions , 1996 .

[394]  J. González‐Gallego,et al.  Influence of nutrition on liver oxidative metabolism. , 1996, Nutrition.

[395]  M. Merli,et al.  Does malnutrition affect survival in cirrhosis , 1996 .

[396]  K. Godfrey,et al.  Evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire used to assess nutrient intakes in pregnant women. , 1996, European journal of clinical nutrition.

[397]  J Hirsch,et al.  Human fatty acid synthesis is stimulated by a eucaloric low fat, high carbohydrate diet. , 1996, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[398]  M. Goran,et al.  Determinants of basal fat oxidation in healthy Caucasians. , 1996, Journal of applied physiology.

[399]  R. Tresserras,et al.  Epidemiology of renal involvement in type II diabetics (NIDDM) in Catalonia. The Catalan Diabetic Nephropathy Study Group. , 1996, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[400]  S. Heys,et al.  Nutritional pharmacology and malignant disease: A therapeutic modality in patients with cancer , 1996, The British journal of surgery.

[401]  A. Voss,et al.  Malnutrition and clinical outcomes: the case for medical nutrition therapy. , 1996, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[402]  K. Mccully.  Homocysteine and vascular disease , 1996, Nature Medicine.

[403]  J. Grant,et al.  Invited Review: Malabsorption Associated With Surgical Procedures and Its Treatment , 1996 .

[404]  O. Ljungqvist,et al.  Energy-enriched hospital food to improve energy intake in elderly patients. , 1996, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[405]  I M Buzzard,et al.  A food frequency questionnaire can detect pregnancy-related changes in diet. , 1996, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[406]  R. Considine,et al.  Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[407]  B. Jeanrenaud,et al.  Obesity, leptin, and the brain. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[408]  D. Avram,et al.  Predictors of Survival in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Five-year Prospective Study , 1996 .

[409]  M. Braga,et al.  Immune and nutritional effects of early enteral nutrition after major abdominal operations. , 1996, The European journal of surgery = Acta chirurgica.

[410]  P. Malfertheiner,et al.  Maldigestion after total gastrectomy is associated with pancreatic insufficiency. , 1996, The American journal of gastroenterology.

[411]  L. Lipworth,et al.  Diet and overall survival in elderly people , 1995, BMJ.

[412]  M. Dhanoa,et al.  Relationship between diet composition and body mass index in a group of Spanish adolescents , 1995, British Journal of Nutrition.

[413]  S. Vollset,et al.  Total plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk profile. The Hordaland Homocysteine Study. , 1995, JAMA.

[414]  R. Gibberd,et al.  The Quality in Australian Health Care Study , 1995, The Medical journal of Australia.

[415]  G. Omenn,et al.  A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes. , 1995, JAMA.

[416]  K. Flegal,et al.  Overweight prevalence and trends for children and adolescents. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1963 to 1991. , 1995, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine.

[417]  J. Martineau,et al.  Nutritional screening--evaluation and implementation of a simple Nutrition Risk Score. , 1995, Clinical nutrition.

[418]  M. Braga,et al.  Benefits of early postoperative enteral feeding in cancer patients. , 1995, Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin.

[419]  S. Laurberg,et al.  Transmural trophic effect of short chain fatty acid infusions on atrophic, defunctioned rat colon , 1995, Diseases of the colon and rectum.

[420]  C. Green.  Nutritional support in HIV infection and AIDS. , 1995, Clinical nutrition.

[421]  F. BotellaRomero,et al.  The effect of nutritional therapy in the treatment of laryngeal cancer , 1995 .

[422]  D. Eibling,et al.  Effect of the Passy‐Muir valve on aspiration in patients with tracheostomy , 1995, Head & neck.

[423]  K. Feingold,et al.  Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins prevent septic death in rats , 1995, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[424]  C. Gogos,et al.  Total parenteral nutrition and immune system activity: a review. , 1995, Nutrition.

[425]  G. Young,et al.  Dietary fibers differ in their effects on large bowel epithelial proliferation and fecal fermentation-dependent events in rats. , 1995, The Journal of nutrition.

[426]  A. Griffiths,et al.  Meta-analysis of enteral nutrition as a primary treatment of active Crohn's disease. , 1995, Gastroenterology.

[427]  P. Howdle,et al.  Decreased antioxidant status and increased lipid peroxidation in patients with septic shock and secondary organ dysfunction. , 1995, Critical care medicine.

[428]  E. Rosato,et al.  Enteral Nutrition During Multimodality Therapy in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients , 1995, Annals of surgery.

[429]  H. Homann,et al.  Early postoperative enteral nutrition with arginine-omega-3 fatty acids and ribonucleic acid-supplemented diet versus placebo in cancer patients: an immunologic evaluation of Impact. , 1995, Critical care medicine.

[430]  S. Heys,et al.  Synthetic polyribonucleotides: current role and potential use in oncological practice. , 1995, European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology.

[431]  G. Hunter,et al.  Metabolic predictors of obesity. Contribution of resting energy expenditure, thermic effect of food, and fuel utilization to four-year weight gain of post-obese and never-obese women. , 1995, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[432]  F. Cerra,et al.  Early enteral administration of a formula (Impact) supplemented with arginine, nucleotides, and fish oil in intensive care unit patients: results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, clinical trial. , 1995, Critical care medicine.

[433]  J. Salas-Salvadó,et al.  Changes in body composition and resting energy expenditure after rapid weight loss: is there an energy-metabolism adaptation in obese patients? , 1995, International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[434]  R. Elashoff,et al.  Clinical evaluation of a minimal intervention meal replacement regimen for weight reduction. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

[435]  H. Sauerwein,et al.  Parenteral glutamine dipeptide supplementation does not ameliorate chemotherapy‐induced toxicity , 1994, Cancer.

[436]  T. Ziegler,et al.  A cost-evaluation of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition in adult bone marrow transplant patients. , 1994, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[437]  P. Nilsson-ehle,et al.  Effects of total parenteral nutrition on lipid metabolism in rats. , 1994, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[438]  R. Matz.  Parallels Between Treated Uncontrolled Diabetes and the Refeeding Syndrome With Emphasis on Fluid and Electrolyte Abnormalities , 1994, Diabetes Care.

[439]  E. Moore,et al.  Clinical benefits of an immune-enhancing diet for early postinjury enteral feeding. , 1994, The Journal of trauma.

[440]  J. Rifón,et al.  [Indications for bone marrow transplantation]. , 1994, Revista de medicina de la Universidad de Navarra.

[441]  N. Deutz,et al.  Decrease of mucosal glutamine concentration in the nutritionally depleted patient. , 1994, Clinical nutrition.

[442]  M. Hobsley,et al.  Cyclical etidronate therapy and postgastrectomy osteoporosis , 1994, The British journal of surgery.

[443]  E. Ravussin,et al.  3 Energy and macronutrient metabolism , 1994 .

[444]  G. Sacks,et al.  Observations of hypophosphatemia and its management in nutrition support. , 1994, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[445]  R. Klein,et al.  The influence of combined kidney-pancreas transplantation on the progression of diabetic retinopathy. A case series. , 1994, Ophthalmology.

[446]  J. Larsson,et al.  The relation between nutritional state and quality of life in surgical patients. , 1994, The European journal of surgery = Acta chirurgica.

[447]  K. Kudsk,et al.  Comparison of Specialized and Standard Enteral Formulas in Trauma Patients , 1994, Pharmacotherapy.

[448]  M. Brennan,et al.  L-glutamine supplementation in home total parenteral nutrition patients: stability, safety, and effects on intestinal absorption. , 1994, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[449]  E. Maccracken,et al.  A Database Information Storage and Reporting System for Videofluorographic Oropharyngeal Motility (OPM) Swallowing Evaluations , 1994 .

[450]  J P McWhirter,et al.  Incidence and recognition of malnutrition in hospital , 1994, BMJ.

[451]  P. Boekstegers,et al.  Skeletal muscle partial pressure of oxygen in patients with sepsis , 1994, Critical care medicine.

[452]  E. Esmatjes,et al.  Quality of life after successful pancreas-kidney transplantation. , 1994, Clinical Transplantation.

[453]  J. Mancino,et al.  Ensuring successful home tube feeding in the geriatric population. , 1994, Geriatric nursing.

[454]  R. Allen,et al.  Sensitivity of serum methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine determinations for diagnosing cobalamin and folate deficiencies. , 1994, The American journal of medicine.

[455]  M. Lamy,et al.  The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. , 1994, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[456]  J. Brittenden,et al.  L-arginine stimulates host defenses in patients with breast cancer. , 1994, Surgery.

[457]  C. Gogos,et al.  Medium- and long-chain triglycerides have different effects on the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor by human mononuclear cells in patients under total parenteral nutrition. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

[458]  A. Detsky,et al.  The rational clinical examination. Is this patient malnourished? , 1994, JAMA.

[459]  A. Detsky,et al.  Is This Patient Malnourished , 1994 .

[460]  P. Wilson,et al.  Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population. , 1993, JAMA.

[461]  M. Cossette,et al.  Comparison of anthropometric measures of men with HIV: asymptomatic, symptomatic, and AIDS. , 1993, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[462]  O. Johnell,et al.  Osteoporosis, metabolic aberrations, and increased risk for vertebral fractures after partial gastrectomy. , 1993, Calcified tissue international.

[463]  D. Kelly,et al.  Nutritional support in liver disease. , 1993, Archives of disease in childhood.

[464]  M. Calvo,et al.  Variations in iron-status measures during the menstrual cycle. , 1993, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[465]  P. G. Reeves,et al.  AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. , 1993, The Journal of nutrition.

[466]  P. R. Schloerb,et al.  Total parenteral nutrition with glutamine in bone marrow transplantation and other clinical applications (a randomized, double-blind study) , 1993, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[467]  T. Ziegler,et al.  Patients receiving glutamine-supplemented intravenous feedings report an improvement in mood. , 1993, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[468]  W. Souba.  Total parenteral nutrition with glutamine in bone marrow transplantation and other clinical applications. , 1993, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[469]  B. Ames,et al.  Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[470]  G. Swart,et al.  Body composition in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a validation study of bioelectric impedance analysis. , 1993, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[471]  D. Jacobs.  Bioelectrical impedance analysis: a way to assess changes in body cell mass in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome? , 1993, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[472]  P. Ueland,et al.  Total homocysteine in plasma or serum: methods and clinical applications. , 1993, Clinical chemistry.

[473]  J. Lorente,et al.  L‐arginine pathway in the sepsis syndrome , 1993, Critical care medicine.

[474]  J. Powell-Tuck.  Glutamine, parenteral feeding, and intestinal nutrition , 1993, The Lancet.

[475]  A. Board.  Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. , 1993, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[476]  P. Kelly,et al.  A study of nutritional deficits of long-stay geriatric patients. , 1993, Age and ageing.

[477]  G. D. Martich,et al.  Compartmentalization of the acute cytokine response in humans after intravenous endotoxin administration. , 1993, Journal of applied physiology.

[478]  P. Stehle,et al.  The potential use of parenteral dipeptides in clinical nutrition. , 1993, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[479]  J. A. Vázquez,et al.  Dipeptides in parenteral nutrition: from basic science to clinical applications. , 1993, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[480]  L H Bernstein,et al.  Financial implications of malnutrition. , 1993, Clinics in laboratory medicine.

[481]  P. Stehle,et al.  Invited Review: The Potential Use of Parenter Dipeptides in Clinical Nutrition , 1993 .

[482]  J. Arends,et al.  Glutamine and the preservation of gut integrity , 1993, The Lancet.

[483]  P. Byers,et al.  Nutritional management of the head and neck cancer patient. , 1993, The Medical clinics of North America.

[484]  H. Redl,et al.  Clinical detection of LPS and animal models of endotoxemia. , 1993, Immunobiology.

[485]  C. Rock,et al.  Changes in resting energy expenditure and body composition in anorexia nervosa patients during refeeding. , 1993, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[486]  J. Seidell,et al.  Techniques for the measurement of visceral fat: a practical guide. , 1993, International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[487]  L. Bernstein,et al.  Effect of nutrition status and other factors on length of hospital stay after major gastrointestinal surgery. , 1993, Nutrition.

[488]  T. Byers,et al.  Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. , 1993, Preventive medicine.

[489]  E. Cabré,et al.  Enteral versus parenteral nutrition as adjunct therapy in acute ulcerative colitis. , 1993, The American journal of gastroenterology.

[490]  W. Willett,et al.  Comparison of micronutrient intake measured by a dietary questionnaire and biochemical indicators of micronutrient status. , 1993, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[491]  Z. Jiang,et al.  A comparison of medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides in surgical patients. , 1993, Annals of surgery.

[492]  R. Weber,et al.  Nonwound infections following head and neck oncologic surgery , 1993, The Laryngoscope.

[493]  J. E. Barone,et al.  Severe hypophosphatemia in postoperative patients. , 1992, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[494]  Neal Devitt,et al.  The rational clinical examination. , 1992, JAMA.

[495]  S. McClave,et al.  Invited Review: Use of Indirect Calorimetry in Clinical Nutrition , 1992 .

[496]  R. Gaynes,et al.  CDC Definitions of Nosocomial Surgical Site Infections, 1992: A Modification of CDC Definitions of Surgical Wound Infections , 1992, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.

[497]  J. Skinner,et al.  Food and nutrient intake of white, pregnant adolescents. , 1992, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[498]  K. Feingold,et al.  Metabolic disturbances and wasting in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. , 1992, The New England journal of medicine.

[499]  E. Rosato,et al.  Enteral nutrition with supplemental arginine, RNA, and omega-3 fatty acids in patients after operation: immunologic, metabolic, and clinical outcome. , 1992, Surgery.

[500]  F. Jiménez Jiménez,et al.  Variations in plasma amino acids in septic patients subjected to parenteral nutrition with a high proportion of branched-chain amino acids. , 1992, Nutrition.

[501]  R G Whitehead,et al.  Validation of estimates of energy intake by weighed dietary record and diet history in children and adolescents. , 1992, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[502]  T. Ziegler,et al.  Clinical and metabolic efficacy of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study. , 1992, Annals of internal medicine.

[503]  M. Fukunaga,et al.  Metabolic bone disease following gastrectomy: Assessment by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry , 1992, The British journal of surgery.

[504]  S. Cain,et al.  Regional and systemic oxygen delivery/uptake relations and lactate flux in hyperdynamic, endotoxin-treated dogs. , 1992, The American review of respiratory disease.

[505]  W. Kaye,et al.  Abnormal caloric requirements for weight maintenance in patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. , 1991, The American journal of psychiatry.

[506]  W. Markesbery,et al.  Excess brain protein oxidation and enzyme dysfunction in normal aging and in Alzheimer disease. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[507]  A. Roche,et al.  Reference data for obesity. , 1991, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[508]  P. Gibson,et al.  Different fibers have different regional effects on luminal contents of rat colon. , 1991, Gastroenterology.

[509]  A. Kristal,et al.  Weight loss in women participating in a randomized trial of low-fat diets. , 1991, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[510]  F. Melsen,et al.  Osteopenia and osteomalacia after gastrectomy: interrelations between biochemical markers of bone remodelling, vitamin D metabolites, and bone histomorphometry. , 1991, Gut.

[511]  P. Guillou,et al.  Effects of different lipid emulsions on lymphocyte function during total parenteral nutrition , 1991, The British journal of surgery.

[512]  K. Pirke,et al.  Average total energy expenditure in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and healthy young women , 1991, Biological Psychiatry.

[513]  T. Ziegler,et al.  Glutamine-enriched intravenous feedings attenuate extracellular fluid expansion after a standard stress. , 1991, Annals of surgery.

[514]  M. Fink,et al.  Maintenance of superior mesenteric arterial perfusion prevents increased intestinal mucosal permeability in endotoxic pigs. , 1991, Surgery.

[515]  H. Redl,et al.  Hyperdynamic sepsis in baboons: I. Aspects of hemodynamics. , 1991, Circulatory shock.

[516]  C. Compher,et al.  Nutritional support in renal failure. , 1991, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[517]  S. DeHoog,et al.  Nutritional assessment and support , 1991 .

[518]  F. Cerra,et al.  Improvement in immune function in ICU patients by enteral nutrition supplemented with arginine, RNA, and menhaden oil is independent of nitrogen balance. , 1991, Nutrition.

[519]  R. Platt,et al.  Association of intravenous lipid emulsion and coagulase‐negative staphylococcal bacteremia in neonatal intensive care units , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[520]  W. Schraut,et al.  Hepatic steatosis due to total parenteral nutrition: the influence of short-gut syndrome, refeeding, and small bowel transplantation. , 1991, The Journal of surgical research.

[521]  A. Richardson,et al.  Expression of supreoxide dismutase and catalase in rat brain as a function of age , 1991, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development.

[522]  W. Dietz,et al.  Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ht2) and triceps skinfold thickness. , 1991, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[523]  F. Nieto,et al.  [Cost-effectiveness of individualized enteral nutrition by a nutrition support team in laryngectomized cancer patients]. , 1991, Nutrición Hospitalaria.

[524]  T. Brennan,et al.  The nature of adverse events in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study II. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[525]  T. Brennan,et al.  Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. , 1991 .

[526]  D. Patón,et al.  Lung antioxidant enzymes, peroxidation, glutathione system and oxygen consumption in catalase inactivated young and old Rana perezi frogs , 1990, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development.

[527]  L. Epstein,et al.  Ten-year follow-up of behavioral, family-based treatment for obese children. , 1990, JAMA.

[528]  P. Filipponi,et al.  Partial gastrectomy and mineral metabolism: effects on gastrin-calcitonin release. , 1990, Bone and mineral.

[529]  C. Apovian,et al.  Guidelines for refeeding the marasmic patient , 1990, Critical care medicine.

[530]  F. RossiFanelli,et al.  Branched-chain amino acids in chronic liver failure: good friends or hated enemies? , 1990, Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.).

[531]  R. A. Wright,et al.  Peripheral parenteral nutrition is no better than enteral nutrition in acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease: a prospective trial. , 1990, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[532]  M. Fink,et al.  Laboratory models of sepsis and septic shock. , 1990, The Journal of surgical research.

[533]  F. Bova,et al.  Prophylactic glutamine protects the intestinal mucosa from radiation injury , 1990, Cancer.

[534]  R. Smith,et al.  Glutamine metabolism and its physiologic importance. , 1990, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[535]  M. Lewin,et al.  A gastrectomy population: 25-30 years on. , 1990, Postgraduate medical journal.

[536]  E G Lowrie,et al.  Death risk in hemodialysis patients: the predictive value of commonly measured variables and an evaluation of death rate differences between facilities. , 1990, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[537]  R. Walls,et al.  Impact of nutrition status on morbidity and mortality in a select population of geriatric rehabilitation patients. , 1990, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[538]  J. Alexander,et al.  Differential effects of three enteral dietary regimens on selected outcome variables in burn patients. , 1990, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[539]  W. S. Ring,et al.  Sepsis-induced diastolic dysfunction in chronic canine peritonitis. , 1990, The American journal of physiology.

[540]  S. Dubois,et al.  Accuracy of visual estimates of plate waste in the determination of food consumption. , 1990, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[541]  J. Alverdy,et al.  Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition improves gut immune function. , 1989, Archives of surgery.

[542]  M. Rammohan,et al.  Hypophagia among hospitalized elderly. , 1989, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[543]  W. Gilmour,et al.  Comparison of various predictive formulae for the estimation of resting energy expenditure. , 1989, Clinical nutrition.

[544]  T. Hwang,et al.  Maintenance of small bowel mucosa with glutamine-enriched parenteral nutrition. , 1989, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[545]  K. Szauter,et al.  Nutritional therapy and liver disease. , 1989, Gastroenterology clinics of North America.

[546]  E. Lebenthal,et al.  Isolated colonocyte metabolism of glucose, glutamine, n-butyrate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate in malnutrition. , 1989, Gastroenterology.

[547]  M. Farrell,et al.  Hypophosphatemia in the nutritional recovery syndrome. , 1989, American journal of diseases of children.

[548]  J. Kovacs,et al.  The cardiovascular response of normal humans to the administration of endotoxin. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[549]  E. Lebenthal,et al.  Biochemical and morphological changes in the digestive tract of rats after prenatal and postnatal malnutrition. , 1989, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[550]  R. Bilous,et al.  The effects of pancreas transplantation on the glomerular structure of renal allografts in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[551]  V. Ravindranath,et al.  Low glutathione levels in brain regions of aged rats , 1989, Neuroscience Letters.

[552]  E. Deltz,et al.  [Parenteral nutrition in short bowel syndrome]. , 1989, Krankenpflege Journal.

[553]  A. Meyers,et al.  Oral feeding after total laryngectomy , 1989, Head & neck.

[554]  M. Rich,et al.  Increased complications and prolonged hospital stay in elderly cardiac surgical patients with low serum albumin. , 1989, The American journal of cardiology.

[555]  P. Stehle,et al.  EFFECT OF PARENTERAL GLUTAMINE PEPTIDE SUPPLEMENTS ON MUSCLE GLUTAMINE LOSS AND NITROGEN BALANCE AFTER MAJOR SURGERY , 1989, The Lancet.

[556]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Hyper and hypodynamic models of sepsis in guinea pigs. , 1989, The Journal of surgical research.

[557]  N. Vaisman,et al.  Energy expenditure and body composition in patients with anorexia nervosa. , 1988, The Journal of pediatrics.

[558]  F. McConnel,et al.  Manofluorographic analysis of swallowing. , 1988, Otolaryngologic clinics of North America.

[559]  G. Greenberg,et al.  Controlled trial of bowel rest and nutritional support in the management of Crohn's disease. , 1988, Gut.

[560]  J. Reilly,et al.  Economic impact of malnutrition: a model system for hospitalized patients. , 1988, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[561]  J. Cosnes,et al.  Continuous enteral nutrition during the early adaptive stage of the short bowel syndrome , 1988, The British journal of surgery.

[562]  M. Braga,et al.  Food intake and nutritional status after total gastrectomy: results of a nutritional follow-up. , 1988, The British journal of surgery.

[563]  J. Parrillo,et al.  ENDOTOXEMIA IN HUMAN SEPTIC SHOCK , 1988 .

[564]  C. Natanson,et al.  Cardiovascular performance with E. coli challenges in a canine model of human sepsis. , 1988, The American journal of physiology.

[565]  W. Wilmanns,et al.  Promotion of cystine uptake and its utilization for glutathione biosynthesis induced by cysteamine and N-acetylcysteine. , 1988, Biochemical pharmacology.

[566]  E. Ferrannini.  The theoretical bases of indirect calorimetry: a review. , 1988, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[567]  D. Kritchevsky,et al.  Dietary fiber and intestinal adaptation: effects on lipid absorption and lymphatic transport in the rat. , 1988, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[568]  J. Eisenberg,et al.  Study protocol: a randomized clinical trial of total parenteral nutrition in malnourished surgical patients. , 1988, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[569]  W. Williford,et al.  A randomized clinical trial of total parenteral nutrition in malnourished surgical patients: the rationale and impact of previous clinical trials and pilot study on protocol design. , 1988, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[570]  R. Ramsay,et al.  Progression of diabetic retinopathy after pancreas transplantation for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. , 1988, The New England journal of medicine.

[571]  V. Jones.  Comparison of total parenteral nutrition and elemental diet in induction of remission of Crohn's disease , 1987, Digestive diseases and sciences.

[572]  M. Merli,et al.  Optimal nutritional indexes in chronic liver disease. , 1987, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[573]  A. Detsky,et al.  Predicting nutrition-associated complications for patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. , 1987, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[574]  C A Geissler,et al.  The daily metabolic rate of the post-obese and the lean. , 1987, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[575]  J. Vilček,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1: cytokines with multiple overlapping biological activities. , 1987, Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology.

[576]  J. Moran,et al.  Transperitoneal absorption of intralipid in rats: total serum fatty acids and triglyceride after absorption. , 1986, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[577]  A. Al-Jurf,et al.  Phosphate balance and distribution during total parenteral nutrition: effect of calcium and phosphate additives. , 1986, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[578]  K. Solez,et al.  The renal response produced by nonhypotensive sepsis in a large animal model. , 1986, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[579]  J. Lennard-jones,et al.  Patients with a high jejunostomy do not need a special diet. , 1986, Gastroenterology.

[580]  W. Roediger.  METABOLIC BASIS OF STARVATION DIARRHOEA: IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT , 1986, The Lancet.

[581]  J. Lennard-jones,et al.  Controlled trial of bowel rest in the treatment of severe acute colitis. , 1986, Gut.

[582]  P. Guenther.  Beverages in the diets of American teenagers. , 1986, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[583]  A. Demirjian,et al.  Sexual dimorphism in the emergence of deciduous teeth: its relationship with growth components in height. , 1986, American journal of physical anthropology.

[584]  D. Altman,et al.  STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENT , 1986, The Lancet.

[585]  S. Kamath,et al.  Hospital malnutrition: a 33-hospital screening study. , 1986, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[586]  Sherwood L. Gorbach,et al.  Experimental Bacteroides fragilis bacteremia in a primate model: evidence that Bacteroides fragilis does not promote the septic shock syndrome. , 1985, The Journal of trauma.

[587]  S. De Flora,et al.  In vivo effects of N-acetylcysteine on glutathione metabolism and on the biotransformation of carcinogenic and/or mutagenic compounds. , 1985, Carcinogenesis.

[588]  H C Lukaski,et al.  Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body. , 1985, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[589]  C. V. Smith,et al.  Effects of N-acetylcysteine on the disposition and metabolism of acetaminophen in mice. , 1985, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[590]  C. Christiansen,et al.  Regulation of vitamin D and calcium metabolism after gastrectomy. , 1985, Gut.

[591]  S. Baredes,et al.  Nutritional considerations in the management of head and neck cancer patients. , 1984, Otolaryngologic clinics of North America.

[592]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Effect of total parenteral nutrition on free fatty acid metabolism in burned patients. , 1984, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[593]  C. F. Anderson,et al.  The sensitivity and specificity of nutrition-related variables in relationship to the duration of hospital stay and the rate of complications. , 1984, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[594]  Jon S Thompson,et al.  Preventing hypophosphatemia during total parenteral nutrition. , 1984, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[595]  A. Detsky,et al.  Evaluating the accuracy of nutritional assessment techniques applied to hospitalized patients: methodology and comparisons. , 1984, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[596]  F. Pearce,et al.  Cardiopulmonary response of the rat to gram-negative bacteremia. , 1984, The American journal of physiology.

[597]  A. Demirjian,et al.  Sexual Dimorphism in the Emergence of the Deciduous Teeth , 1984, Journal of dental research.

[598]  D. Brackett,et al.  Detection of the 'hyperdynamic state' of sepsis in the baboon during lethal E. coli infusion. , 1983, The Journal of trauma.

[599]  J. Buts,et al.  Ontogeny of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in rat colon: role of glucocorticoids. , 1983, American Journal of Physiology.

[600]  R. DeFronzo,et al.  Energy cost of glucose storage in human subjects during glucose-insulin infusions. , 1983, The American journal of physiology.

[601]  A. Bach,et al.  Medium-chain triglycerides: an update. , 1982, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[602]  A. Detsky,et al.  Nutritional assessment: a comparison of clinical judgement and objective measurements. , 1982, The New England journal of medicine.

[603]  P. Schneider,et al.  A comparison of essential and general amino acid infusions in the nutritional support of patients with compromised renal function. , 1982, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[604]  D. Harman.  The aging process. , 1981, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[605]  A. R. Frisancho,et al.  New norms of upper limb fat and muscle areas for assessment of nutritional status. , 1981, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[606]  J. Fischer,et al.  Nutritional support in liver disease. , 1981, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[607]  Arvid Wretlind,et al.  Invited Review: Development of Fat Emulsions , 1981 .

[608]  R. Weinsier,et al.  Death resulting from overzealous total parenteral nutrition: the refeeding syndrome revisited. , 1981, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[609]  R. Vonk,et al.  Lithocholate cholestasis—Sulfated glycolithocholate-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats , 1981 .

[610]  I. Chaudry,et al.  Sepsis and septic shock--a review of laboratory models and a proposal. , 1980, The Journal of surgical research.

[611]  C. Lang,et al.  Glutathione contents of tissues in the aging mouse. , 1980, The Biochemical journal.

[612]  W. Horwitz.  Official Methods of Analysis , 1980 .

[613]  A. Keys,et al.  Seven countries. A multivariate analysis of death and coronary heart disease. , 1980 .

[614]  W S Blakemore,et al.  Metabolic response to injury and illness: estimation of energy and protein needs from indirect calorimetry and nitrogen balance. , 1979, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[615]  G. P. Ryan,et al.  Effects of various diets on colonic growth in rats. , 1979, Gastroenterology.

[616]  I. D. Johnston.  Parenteral nutrition in the cancer patient. , 1979, Journal of human nutrition.

[617]  E. Rosato,et al.  Implications of malnutrition in the surgical patient. , 1979, Archives of surgery.

[618]  R. Weinsier,et al.  Hospital malnutrition. A prospective evaluation of general medical patients during the course of hospitalization. , 1979, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[619]  C. Fleming,et al.  Improved nutrient absorption after cimetidine in short-bowel syndrome with gastric hypersecretion. , 1979, The New England journal of medicine.

[620]  Y. Kono.  Generation of superoxide radical during autoxidation of hydroxylamine and an assay for superoxide dismutase. , 1978, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[621]  D. Lloyd,et al.  Serum ferritin and body iron status after gastric operations , 1977, The American journal of digestive diseases.

[622]  M. Lilburn,et al.  25-Hydroxycholecalciferol absorption in steatorrhoea and postgastrectomy osteomalacia. , 1977, British medical journal.

[623]  T. Wilkins,et al.  Experimental infections with anaerobic bacteria in mice. , 1977, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[624]  J. Meyer,et al.  Gastric emptying of liquid meals and pancreatic and biliary secretion after subtotal gastrectomy or truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty in man. , 1977, Gastroenterology.

[625]  C. Lavelle.  A note on the variation in the timing of deciduous tooth eruption. , 1975, Journal of dentistry.

[626]  N. Scrimshaw,et al.  Cellular immunity in semistarved states in hospitalized adults. , 1975, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[627]  K. Mccully,et al.  Homocysteine theory of arteriosclerosis. , 1975, Atherosclerosis.

[628]  R. Martorell,et al.  Nutritional status and the timing of deciduous tooth eruption. , 1975, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[629]  V. Barnett,et al.  Applied Linear Statistical Models , 1975 .

[630]  J. Bartlett,et al.  Experimental Intra-Abdominal Abscesses in Rats: Quantitative Bacteriology of Infected Animals , 1974, Infection and immunity.

[631]  G. Blackburn,et al.  Protein status of general surgical patients. , 1974, JAMA.

[632]  J. Cook,et al.  Measurement of serum ferritin by a 2-site immunoradiometric assay. , 1974, Analytical biochemistry.

[633]  Y. Peng,et al.  Changes in food intake and nitrogen metabolism of rats while adapting to a low or high protein diet. , 1974, The Journal of nutrition.

[634]  G. Owen,et al.  Relation of chronology of deciduous tooth emergence to height, weight and head circumference in children. , 1973, Archives of oral biology.

[635]  J. Fleiss,et al.  Statistical methods for rates and proportions , 1973 .

[636]  Eric Chicken,et al.  Nonparametric Statistical Methods: Hollander/Nonparametric Statistical Methods , 1973 .

[637]  W. J. Conover,et al.  Practical Nonparametric Statistics , 1972 .

[638]  S. Gorbach,et al.  Microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and the surgical malabsorption syndromes. , 1972, Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics.

[639]  R. Levy,et al.  Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. , 1972, Clinical chemistry.

[640]  K. Mccully.  Vascular pathology of homocysteinemia: implications for the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. , 1969, The American journal of pathology.

[641]  D. Wilmore,et al.  Growth and development of an infant receiving all nutrients exclusively by vein. , 1968, JAMA.

[642]  F C Goetz,et al.  Allotransplantation of the pancreas and duodenum along with the kidney in diabetic nephropathy. , 1967, Surgery.

[643]  G. Thompson,et al.  Vitamin-D absorption after partial gastrectomy. , 1966, Lancet.

[644]  O. J. Dunn.  Multiple Comparisons Using Rank Sums , 1964 .

[645]  Seymour Geisser,et al.  Statistical Principles in Experimental Design , 1963 .

[646]  D. J. Deller,et al.  CALCIUM METABOLISM AND THE BONES AFTER PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY. II. THE NATURE AND CAUSE OF THE BONE DISORDER. , 1963, Australasian annals of medicine.

[647]  L. Carr.  Eruption ages of permanent teeth , 1962 .

[648]  G. Ellman,et al.  Tissue sulfhydryl groups. , 1959, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[649]  M. Weil,et al.  Hypotension (Shock) in Dogs Produced by Escherichia coli Endotoxin , 1956, Circulation research.

[650]  D. Harman.  Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry. , 1956, Journal of gerontology.

[651]  James M. Tanner,et al.  Growth at Adolescence , 1956 .

[652]  J. Rhoads,et al.  NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS OF SURGICAL PATIENTS , 1955, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[653]  D. H. Mackay.  Dentition and physique of Bantu children. , 1952, The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[654]  Oliver H. Lowry,et al.  Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. , 1951, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[655]  E. Rice,et al.  A photometric method for the determination of free pentoses in animal tissues. , 1948, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[656]  H. O. Studley.  PERCENTAGE OF WEIGHT LOSS: BASIC INDICATOR OF SURGICAL RISK IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PEPTIC ULCER , 1936 .

[657]  F. Boas.  The Eruption of Deciduous Teeth Among Hebrew Infants , 1927 .

[658]  Luiz Ferraz de Sampaio Neto,et al.  Síndrome pré-menstrual , 2003 .

[659]  S. McClave,et al.  Clinical use of the respiratory quotient obtained from indirect calorimetry. , 2003, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[660]  A. Tungtrongchitr,et al.  Serum homocysteine, B12 and folic acid concentration in Thai overweight and obese subjects. , 2003, International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition.

[661]  G. Azevedo,et al.  [Prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated factors among adolescents in the Northeast and Southeast regions of Brazil, 1996 to 1997]. , 2003, Cadernos de saude publica.

[662]  Armando Perez-Cueto.  Utilización de las Encuestas MECOVI para la estimación de la disponibilidad de alimentos en los hogares Bolivianos. , 2003 .

[663]  J. Cunha-Melo,et al.  Animal model of the abdominal compartment syndrome as a single insult and as a second insult in rats , 2003 .

[664]  F. Gilliland,et al.  Effects of ethnicity, family income, and education on dietary intake among adolescents. , 2003, Preventive medicine.

[665]  C. Cuerda,et al.  Seguimiento a largo plazo de la nutrición parenteral domiciliaria en un hospital general: complicaciones y calidad de vida , 2002 .

[666]  E. G. Jones,et al.  Consumption of fruits, vegetables, soft drinks, and high-fat-containing snacks among Mexican children on the Mexico-U.S. border. , 2002, Archives of medical research.

[667]  F. Kaufman,et al.  Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Youth: A New Epidemic , 2002, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[668]  S. Mcdiarmid.  Nutritional support of the patient receiving high-dose therapy with hematopoietic stem cell support. , 2002, Canadian oncology nursing journal = Revue canadienne de nursing oncologique.

[669]  D. Schwartz,et al.  Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and atherogenesis in humans. , 2002 .

[670]  L. Baur,et al.  Body composition in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. , 2002, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[671]  D. Brooks,et al.  Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2002, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[672]  J. Culebras,et al.  Effects of 2 lipid emulsions (LCT versus MCT/LCT) on the fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipid: a double-blind randomized trial. , 2002, JPEN - Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[673]  M. Juyol,et al.  Cronología de la erupción de la dentición permanente en la población española y su relación con la talla y el peso de la muestra estudiada , 2002 .

[674]  T. Cros,et al.  Protocolo diagnóstico de la anemia hemolítica , 2001 .

[675]  C. Holden.  Review of home paediatric parenteral nutrition on the UK. , 2001, British journal of nursing.

[676]  Wen Be.  Nutritional guidelines for persons infected with the hepatitis C virus: a review of the literature. , 2001 .

[677]  T. Araújo,et al.  QUESTIONÁRIO INTERNACIONAL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA (IPAQ): ESTUPO DE VALIDADE E REPRODUTIBILIDADE NO BRASIL , 2001 .

[678]  S. Leutner,et al.  ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in the aging brain , 2001, Journal of Neural Transmission.

[679]  M. Pérez-Mateo,et al.  La barrera intestinal: trastornos funcionales en enfermedades digestivas y extradigestivas , 2001 .

[680]  B. Charra,et al.  Malnutrition in long-term haemodialysis survivors. , 2001, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[681]  M. Pääkkönen,et al.  Bone mineral metabolism after total gastrectomy. , 2001, Bone.

[682]  Hardaway Rm,et al.  A review of septic shock. , 2000 .

[683]  Y. Chagnon,et al.  The human obesity gene map: the 1999 update. , 2000, Obesity research.

[684]  R. Burini,et al.  [Nutritional consequences of metabolic impairment of macronutrients in chronic liver disease]. , 2000, Arquivos de gastroenterologia.

[685]  R. S. Sohal,et al.  Current issues concerning the role of oxidative stress in aging: a perspective. , 2000, Results and problems in cell differentiation.

[686]  P. Wilson,et al.  Relationship between plasma homocysteine and vitamin status in the Framingham study population. Impact of folic acid fortification. , 2000, Public health reviews.

[687]  W. Pietruszewska,et al.  [Incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistulas after laryngectomy depending on the method of nutritive drain insertion]. , 2000, Otolaryngologia polska = The Polish otolaryngology.

[688]  G. Medina,et al.  PPARγ y tiazolidinedionas, algo más que un tratamiento contra la diabetes , 2000 .

[689]  L. CabrerizoGarcía,et al.  Nutritional recommendations in gynecology , 2000 .

[690]  K. O. Omar.  Meal planning and its relation to the nutritional status of pre-school children (2-4 years old) in Egypt. , 2000, Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny.

[691]  C. Foulks.  An evidence-based evaluation of intradialytic parenteral nutrition. , 1999, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[692]  E. Cadenas,et al.  Regulation of mitochondrial respiration by adenosine diphosphate, oxygen, and nitric oxide. , 1999, Methods in enzymology.

[693]  W. Henderson,et al.  Preoperative serum albumin level as a predictor of operative mortality and morbidity: results from the National VA Surgical Risk Study. , 1999, Archives of surgery.

[694]  P. Pernet,et al.  Intestinal absorption and permeability in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. , 1999, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.

[695]  S. Vollset,et al.  Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease. , 1998, Annual review of medicine.

[696]  A. A. Moneva,et al.  Estudio de los hábitos alimentarios y el estado nutricional en una muestra de la población aragonesa , 1998 .

[697]  C. Ai,et al.  Evaluation of the quality of life in artificial nutrition , 1998 .

[698]  A. Crivelli,et al.  Assessment of nutritional status in a population of recently hospitalized patients. , 1998, Medicina.

[699]  C. P. Rodrigo,et al.  Encuesta de nutrición de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco (EINUT-I) , 1998 .

[700]  D. Cardona.  Artificial feeding and quality care improvement , 1998 .

[701]  M. Braga,et al.  Artificial nutrition after major abdominal surgery: impact of route of administration and composition of the diet. , 1998, Critical care medicine.

[702]  M. Rosato,et al.  Teenage mothers and the health of their children. , 1998, Population trends.

[703]  M. Camilleri,et al.  Gastrointestinal motility considerations in patients with short-bowel syndrome. , 1997, Digestive diseases.

[704]  H. Arrowsmith.  Malnutrition in hospital: detection and consequences. , 1997, British journal of nursing.

[705]  J. Berry,et al.  Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Printed in U.S.A. Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society Increased Catabolism of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Patients with Partial Gastrectomy and Elevated 1,25- Dihydroxyvitamin D Levels. Implications for Me , 2022 .

[706]  S. Tannenbaum,et al.  NO-induced oxidative stress and glutathione metabolism in rodent and human cells. , 1996, Free radical biology & medicine.

[707]  J. Das,et al.  Biliary lipid composition and bile acid profiles during and after enteral fast of total parenteral nutrition in the rabbit. , 1996, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[708]  J. Kopple.  1995 Jonathan E. Rhoads Lecture. The Nutrition Management of the Patient With Acute Renal Failure , 1996 .

[709]  A. Laviano,et al.  In 1995 a correlation between malnutrition and poor outcome in critically ill patients still exists. , 1996, Nutrition.

[710]  B. Gilfix,et al.  Vitamin B-12 deficiency after gastric surgery for obesity. , 1996, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[711]  R. B. Chapin,et al.  The effect of surgical treatment following peritoneal sepsis on hepatic gene expression. , 1996, The Journal of surgical research.

[712]  Maw-Shung Liu,et al.  Initial externalization followed by internalization of beta-adrenergic receptors in rat heart during sepsis. , 1996, The American journal of physiology.

[713]  S. Buscemi,et al.  Resting metabolic rate and postabsorptive substrate oxidation in morbidly obese subjects before and after massive weight loss. , 1996, International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[714]  U. Taitelman,et al.  N-acetylcysteine increases the glutathione content and protects rat alveolar type II cells against paraquat-induced cytotoxicity. , 1996, Toxicology letters.

[715]  S. Marks,et al.  Tooth eruption: Theories and facts , 1996, The Anatomical record.

[716]  B. Kinosian,et al.  Measurement of visceral protein status in assessing protein and energy malnutrition: standard of care. Prealbumin in Nutritional Care Consensus Group. , 1995, Nutrition.

[717]  M. Jacobson,et al.  Indirect calorimetry in the nutritional management of eating disorders. , 1995, The International journal of eating disorders.

[718]  J. Melchior.  Le refeeding syndrome , 1995 .

[719]  D. Waitzberg,et al.  Insuficiencia hepatica aguda e cronica , 1995 .

[720]  D. Silk,et al.  Influence of three different fiber-supplemented enteral diets on bowel function and short-chain fatty acid production. , 1995, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[721]  F. Kalfarentzos,et al.  Liver lipid composition and intravenous, intraperitoneal, and enteral administration of intralipid. , 1994 .

[722]  R. Mattes.  Prevention of food aversions in cancer patients during treatment. , 1994, Nutrition and cancer.

[723]  J. Rouanet,et al.  Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Two Different Forms of Dietary Fibre (Rice Bran vs. Wheat Bran) on Rat Colonic Mucosa and Fæcal Microflora , 1994 .

[724]  P. Kubes,et al.  Ischemia-reperfusion in feline small intestine: a role for nitric oxide. , 1993, The American journal of physiology.

[725]  J. Lazarus.  Nutrition in hemodialysis patients. , 1993, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[726]  E. Helm,et al.  Early changes of body composition in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: tetrapolar body impedance analysis indicates significant malnutrition. , 1993, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[727]  T. Ziegler,et al.  Potential role of glutamine supplementation in nutrition support , 1993 .

[728]  M. Sánchez.  Crecimiento y desarrollo humanos y sus trastornos , 1993 .

[729]  E. El-Ghoneimy,et al.  Impact of nutritional supplementation on treatment delay and morbidity in patients with head and neck tumors treated with irradiation. , 1992, Nutrition.

[730]  P. Stehle,et al.  Glutamine dipeptide supplemented TPN maintains intestinal function in critically ill , 1992 .

[731]  D. Ganger,et al.  D-xylose malabsorption: characteristic finding in patients with the AIDS wasting syndrome and chronic diarrhea. , 1992, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

[732]  I. K. Cohen,et al.  Wound Healing: Biochemical & Clinical Aspects , 1992 .

[733]  Sutherland Lr,et al.  Nutritional status and food intake in human immunodeficiency virus infection. GI/HIV Study Group. , 1992 .

[734]  P. Rojo,et al.  Subjective global assessment of nutritional status: further validation. , 1991, Nutrition.

[735]  S. Hamlet,et al.  Objective assessment of swallowing function in head and neck cancer patients , 1991, Head & neck.

[736]  Eliane de Abreu Soares,et al.  Relação de medidas caseiras de 320 alimentos e respectivas gramagens , 1991 .

[737]  G. Samsa,et al.  Likelihood ratios with confidence: sample size estimation for diagnostic test studies. , 1991, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[738]  A. Maslow.  Motivación y personalidad , 1991 .

[739]  S. M. Solomon,et al.  The refeeding syndrome: a review. , 1990, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[740]  A. Barbul,et al.  Arginine enhances wound healing and lymphocyte immune responses in humans. , 1990, Surgery.

[741]  E. Harju.  Metabolic problems after gastric surgery. , 1990, International surgery.

[742]  R. Al,et al.  Role of endotoxin and proteases in multiple organ failure (MOF). , 1989 .

[743]  A. Matlow,et al.  Cardiopulmonary responses to Pseudomonas septicemia in swine: an improved model of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. , 1989, Laboratory animal science.

[744]  O. Aruoma,et al.  The antioxidant action of N-acetylcysteine: its reaction with hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, superoxide, and hypochlorous acid. , 1989, Free radical biology & medicine.

[745]  M. Taylor,et al.  Hand grip dynamometry as a predictor of postoperative complications reappraisal using age standardized grip strengths. , 1989, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[746]  R. Wiesner,et al.  Assessment of nutritional status of patients with end-stage liver disease undergoing liver transplantation. , 1989, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[747]  S Greenland,et al.  The impact of confounder selection criteria on effect estimation. , 1989, American journal of epidemiology.

[748]  María del Pilar Oñate y García de la Rasilla.  El autoconcepto: formación, medida e implicaciones en la personalidad , 1989 .

[749]  I. Ziment.  Acetylcysteine: a drug that is much more than a mucokinetic. , 1988, Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.

[750]  T. Lohman,et al.  Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual , 1988 .

[751]  K. Mullis,et al.  Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalyzed chain reaction. , 1987, Methods in enzymology.

[752]  A S Detsky,et al.  What is subjective global assessment of nutritional status? , 1987, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[753]  E. Jéquier,et al.  Assessment of energy expenditure and fuel utilization in man. , 1987, Annual review of nutrition.

[754]  D. Fraser,et al.  A new mechanism for induced vitamin D deficiency in calcium deprivation , 1987, Nature.

[755]  L. Dominioni,et al.  Predictive indices for the identification of high-risk patients. , 1986, European surgical research. Europaische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europeennes.

[756]  M. C. Pizarro,et al.  Evaluación crítica de los trabajos sobre cronología de erupción de la dentición temporal , 1986 .

[757]  B. Mannervik,et al.  [59] Glutathione reductase , 1985 .

[758]  B. Furman,et al.  Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of endotoxin infusion in conscious unrestrained rats: effects of methylprednisolone and BW755C. , 1985, Circulatory shock.

[759]  Hinshaw Lb.  Application of animal shock models to the human. , 1985 .

[760]  Schofield Wn,et al.  Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work , 1985 .

[761]  L. Flohé,et al.  The amino-acid sequence of bovine glutathione peroxidase. , 1984, Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fur physiologische Chemie.

[762]  James G. Fox,et al.  Laboratory animal medicine , 1984 .

[763]  H. McClure,et al.  Nonhuman primate models for human disease. , 1984, Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine.

[764]  H. Aebi,et al.  Catalase in vitro. , 1984, Methods in enzymology.

[765]  L. Flohé,et al.  Assays of glutathione peroxidase. , 1984, Methods in enzymology.

[766]  M. Venturini,et al.  Hospital malnutrition: incidence and prospective evaluation of general medical patients during hospitalization. , 1984, Acta vitaminologica et enzymologica.

[767]  L. Oberley,et al.  Assay of superoxide dismutase activity in tumor tissue. , 1984, Methods in enzymology.

[768]  P. Lunn,et al.  Differences in nitrogen metabolism between protein-deficient and energy-deficient rats with similarly restricted growth rates. , 1983, Annals of nutrition & metabolism.

[769]  D. Waitzberg,et al.  Avaliacao nutricional do paciente cirurgico : critica e perspectivas , 1983 .

[770]  P. Degoulet,et al.  Mortality risk factors in patients treated by chronic hemodialysis. Report of the Diaphane collaborative study. , 1982, Nephron.

[771]  M. Gauderer.  Gastrostomy without laparotomy : A percutaneous technique , 1980 .

[772]  Kay Rm,et al.  Origin, chemistry, physiological effects and clinical importance of dietary fibre. , 1978 .

[773]  H. Witschi,et al.  Chemicals, drugs, and lipid peroxidation. , 1976, Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology.

[774]  G. Coles.  Body composition in chronic renal failure. , 1972, The Quarterly journal of medicine.

[775]  Gregory Dh,et al.  Calcium absorption following gastric resection. , 1972 .

[776]  G. Lundh.  Intestinal digestion and absorption after gastrectomy. , 1958, Acta chirurgica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[777]  J. Bosma,et al.  An electromyographic analysis of reflex deglutition. , 1956, Journal of neurophysiology.

[778]  H. Bockus.  The esophagus and stomach , 1944 .