Etude du mécanisme d'action antivirale de la ribavirine dans le modèle du virus de la diarrhée bovine

Buts - En l'absence de modele de culture cellulaire du virus de l'hepatite C (VHC), le but de notre etude etait d'evaluer l'hypothese du mecanisme d'action de mutagenese letale de la ribavirine, analogue de la guanosine, dans le modele du virus de la diarrhee bovine (BVDV). Methodes - Nous avons evalue la capacite d'inhibition de la replication du BVDV par la ribavirine en suivant l'inhibition de l'apparition de l'effet cytopathique de la souche NADL (National Animal Disease Laboratory) cytopathique du BVDV en culture de cellules BT (bovine turbinate, cellules intestinales bovines). Ensuite, nous avons amplifie par RT-PCR les regions 5'NTR et NS5B du genome du BVDV dans les surnageants provenant de cultures cellulaires infectees, traitees ou non par la ribavirine, puis sequence les produits amplifies afin de deceler d'eventuelles mutations. Resultats - Au niveau phenotypique, la ribavirine etait capable d'inhiber la replication du BVDV de facon d'autant plus puissante qu'elle etait ajoutee tot par rapport a l'inoculation virale. Ces resultats sont en faveur d'un effet antiviral direct de la ribavirine sur le BVDV a une etape precoce du cycle viral. Au niveau genotypique, la ribavirine a diminue le taux d'ARN viral. Conclusion - Nous avons montre que la ribavirine exerce un effet inhibiteur direct sur la replication du BVDV. Ces resultats pourraient expliquer l'effet synergique de la ribavirine et de l'interferon lors d'une bitherapie chez les malades porteurs chroniques du VHC. Cet effet demande a etre confirme avec les replicons sous genomiques du VHC recemment disponibles.

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