Formal and graphical annotations for digital objects

This paper presents graphical tools that facilitate manual building of formal semantic annotations for digital objects. These tools are intended to be integrated in digital object (DO) management systems requiring semantic metadata (e.g. precise indexation, comment, categorization, certification). We define a multidimensional graphical model of semantic annotations that specifically allows contextualization of annotations, and we propose a methodology for building such annotations. The graph-based formalism used (derived from Conceptual Graphs), provides graphical representations that users can easily understand, and are furthermore logically founded. A graphical generic API implementing elements of the SG family has been developed. CoGUI consists of three specialized tools: a tool for defining a CG ontology, another for creating annotations based on a CG ontology, and finally a tool that uses the CoGITaNT platform, for querying an annotated DO base.

[1]  Atanas Kiryakov,et al.  Semantic Annotation, Indexing, and Retrieval , 2003, SEMWEB.

[2]  Jean-François Baget,et al.  Simple Conceptual Graphs Revisited: Hypergraphs and Conjunctive Types for Efficient Projection Algorithms , 2003 .

[3]  Marie-Laure Mugnier,et al.  Positive Nested Conceptual Graphs , 1997, ICCS.

[4]  A. T. Schreiber,et al.  Semantic Annotation of Image Collections , 2003 .

[5]  M. Chein,et al.  Conceptual graphs: fundamental notions , 1992 .

[6]  Jean-François Baget,et al.  Extensions of Simple Conceptual Graphs: the Complexity of Rules and Constraints , 2011, J. Artif. Intell. Res..

[7]  John F. Sowa,et al.  Conceptual Structures: Information Processing in Mind and Machine , 1983 .

[8]  Marie-Laure Mugnier,et al.  Simple Conceptual Graphs with Atomic Negation and Difference , 2006, ICCS.

[9]  Philippe Martin,et al.  Embedding Knowledge in Web Documents , 1999, Comput. Networks.

[10]  Bob J. Wielinga,et al.  Ontology-Based Photo Annotation , 2001, IEEE Intell. Syst..

[11]  Steffen Staab,et al.  Networked RDF graphs , 2007 .

[12]  Marie-Laure Mugnier,et al.  Nested Graphs: A Graph-based Knowledge Representation Model with FOL Semantics , 1998, KR.

[13]  Marie-Laure Mugnier,et al.  Concept Types and Coreference in Simple Conceptual Graphs , 2004, ICCS.

[14]  Hyoil Han,et al.  Survey of semantic annotation platforms , 2005, SAC '05.

[15]  Marie-Laure Mugnier,et al.  Introducing Graph-Based Reasoning into a Knowledge Management Tool: An Industrial Case Study , 2006, IEA/AIE.

[16]  Marie-Laure Mugnier,et al.  Sound and Complete Forward and backward Chainingd of Graph Rules , 1996, ICCS.

[17]  Michel Leclère,et al.  Operationalizing Domain Ontologies: A Method and a Tool , 2004, ECAI.