CMOS Nano-Pore Technology

In this chapter the principles of nano-pore sensing are discussed with a focus on CMOS interfacing requirements and solutions. The goal is to understand basic functionality of nano-pores, understand the conditions that would enable proper interfacing of nano-pore structures, and define the CMOS readout approaches that overcome limiting factors such as noise performance and area. Section 1 outlines nano-pore sensing, defines unique characteristics of nano-pore-enabled sensing, and describes varieties of nano-pores and their operation principles. Section 2 defines the challenges in interfacing with nano-pores using electrochemical methods and highlights some of the CMOS solutions available in literature. Section 2 also discusses the use of nano-pores in an array format for parallel sensing and characterization, outlines the challenges in nano-pore-facilitated sensing, and describes unique CMOS-based solutions.

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