Nursing Simulation Research: What Are the Perceived Gaps?

Abstract Background There is a plethora of anecdotal and evidence-based literature on the topic of simulation. Researchers have studied simulation interventions, student perceptions and feelings, and learning outcomes of simulation; however, gaps still exist in what is known about the outcomes of simulation. The main purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to gain a better understanding of the perceived gaps in simulation research. A secondary purpose was to identify areas of research saturation and areas of the science that need further evidence. Methods A convenience sample of registered nurses who are members of International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning was surveyed through the use of an Internet-based electronic questionnaire. Institutional review board approval was obtained, and consent was received. Study participants completed a demographic questionnaire and a research questionnaire with seven structured open-ended questions aimed at identifying: (a) areas of simulation have been well studied, (b) gaps in simulation research, and (c) what, other than funding, were seen as the obstacles to conducting research. Results From the structured open-ended questions, four categories were identified through content analysis of participant responses. These included: (a) outcomes, (b) simulation design/setting, (c) participants/facilitators, and (d) research rigor. Time, resources, and support were seen as the greatest obstacles to conducting research. Conclusions The need for more rigorous multisite studies and studies that focus on student and/or patient outcomes was identified as the greatest gap in simulation research. These findings from the clinicians, educators, simulation specialists, and researchers who are integral to advancing the science of simulation will enable future research related to advancing the state of the science of nursing simulation and possibly provide an opportunity for researchers with a similar research agenda to collaborate and conduct multisite studies. In addition, these findings informed the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning call for research funding this year and will continue to do so in the future.