Changes in renal function in cadmium-intoxicated rats.

Changes in renal function, Na+-K+-ATPase activity and PAH transport system in kidney cortex were studied in rats treated with cadmium. Subcutaneous injections of CdCl2 (2 mg Cd/kg.day) for 16 days induced a marked polyuria and a hyposthenuria. These changes were accompanied by increase in urinary protein, glucose, urea, calcium, phosphate, chloride and potassium excretions. The change in urine flow was proportional to the change in total osmotic solute excretion. Creatinine excretion and TcH2O remained unchanged. Na+ excretion was not increased, but the Na+-K+-ATPase of renal cortex was significantly inhibited. PAH uptake by renal cortical slices was markedly attenuated in Cd-treated rats. The Vmax for active PAH influx was drastically reduced, but the Km was not changed. The passive influx and efflux of PAH across the basolateral membrane and the renal tissue oxygen consumption were not apparently altered in Cd-treated animals. These results indicate that 1) the nature of Cd-induced polyuria and hyposthenuria is an osmotic diuresis induced by proximal tubular rejection of various substances, and 2) the mechanism of impaired renal PAH excretion in Cd-treated animals is a loss of organic anion carriers in proximal tubular basolateral membranes.

[1]  R. Scott,et al.  Histological and ultrastructural changes in rat kidney following cadmium injection , 2004, Urological Research.

[2]  K. Nakamura,et al.  Effect of cadmium on plasma aldosterone and serum corticosterone concentrations in male rats. , 1984, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[3]  R. C. Ng,et al.  Divalent cation transport in isolated tubules. , 1982, Kidney international.

[4]  V. Dennis,et al.  Divalent anion transport in isolated renal tubules. , 1982, Kidney international.

[5]  K. Nomiyama,et al.  Sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoretic studies on low-molecular-weight proteinuria, an early sign of cadmium health effects, in rabbits. , 1982, Industrial health.

[6]  J. Møller,et al.  Involvement of Na+‐K+‐ATPase in p‐aminohippurate transport by rabbit kidney tissue. , 1981, The Journal of physiology.

[7]  R. Lauwerys,et al.  Characterization of the proteinuria induced by prolonged oral administration of cadmium in female rats. , 1981, Toxicology.

[8]  R. C. Ng,et al.  Calcium transport in the thick ascending limb of Henle. Heterogeneity of function in the medullary and cortical segments. , 1980, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[9]  K. Tsuchiya,et al.  Serum and urinary beta-2-microglobulin among cadmium-exposed workers. , 1980, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[10]  R. C. Ng,et al.  Calcium transport in the pars recta and thin descending limb of Henle of the rabbit, perfused in vitro. , 1980, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[11]  S. K. Hong,et al.  Relationship between PAH transport and Na-K-ATPase activity in the rabbit kidney. , 1979, The American journal of physiology.

[12]  H. Roels,et al.  Renal excretion of proteins and enzymes in workers exposed to cadmium , 1979, European journal of clinical investigation.

[13]  O. Yoshida,et al.  Disturbances in kidney functions and calcium and phosphate metabolism in cadmium-poisoned rats. , 1978, Nephron.

[14]  A. Evan,et al.  Changes in structure and function of rat kidney slices produced by low sodium. , 1978, Nephron.

[15]  R. Podevin,et al.  Monovalent cation and ouabain effects on PAH uptake by rabbit kidney slices. , 1977, The American journal of physiology.

[16]  T. Arikawa,et al.  Cadmium-induced proximal tubular dysfunction in a cadmium-polluted area. , 1977, Contributions to nephrology.

[17]  P. J. Paterson,et al.  CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES IN COPPERSMITHS EXPOSED TO CADMIUM , 1976, The Lancet.

[18]  G. Gerencser,et al.  Roles of sodium and potassium ions on p-aminohippurate transport in rabbit kidney slices. , 1975, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[19]  K. Nomiyama,et al.  Effects of dietary cadmium on rabbits. I. Early signs of cadmium intoxication. , 1975, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[20]  E. Foulkes,et al.  Acute effects of cadmium on proximal tubular function in rabbits. , 1974, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[21]  C. Sato,et al.  Early signs of cadmium intoxication in rabbits. , 1973, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[22]  M. Martínez-Maldonado,et al.  Renal sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase and sodium reabsorption. , 1972, Journal of Clinical Investigation.

[23]  R. Goyer,et al.  Aminoaciduria in Japanese workers in the lead and cadmium industries. , 1972, American journal of clinical pathology.

[24]  P. L. Jørgensen,et al.  Purification and characterization of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. I. The influence of detergents on the activity of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase in preparations from the outer medulla of rabbit kidney. , 1971, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[25]  R G Adams,et al.  The development of cadmium-induced proteinuria, impaired renal function, and osteomalacia in alkaline battery workers. , 1969, The Quarterly journal of medicine.

[26]  M. Bernik.  Contractile activity of human glomeruli in culture. , 1969, Nephron.

[27]  F. Epstein,et al.  The role of sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase in the reabsorption of sodium by the kidney. , 1967, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[28]  M. Piscator,et al.  Renal damage after prolonged exposure to cadmium. An experimental study. , 1966, Archives of environmental health.

[29]  M. Piscator,et al.  Proteinuria in chronic cadmium poisoning. 3. Electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic studies on urinary proteins from cadmium workers, with special reference to the excretion of low molecular weight proteins. , 1962, Archives of environmental health.

[30]  C. W. Gottschalk,et al.  Micropuncture study of renal tubular reabsorption of calcium in normal rodents , 1963 .

[31]  F. Flynn,et al.  Renal tubular malfunction and pulmonary emphysema in cadmium pigment workers. , 1963, The Quarterly journal of medicine.

[32]  B. Hofstee.  Non-Inverted Versus Inverted Plots in Enzyme Kinetics , 1959, Nature.

[33]  O. H. Lowry,et al.  Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. , 1951, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[34]  N HARBOE,et al.  Another case of hyperglobulinemia and affection of the central nervous system. , 2009, Acta medica Scandinavica.

[35]  H. W. Smith,et al.  THE RENAL CLEARANCES OF SUBSTITUTED HIPPURIC ACID DERIVATIVES AND OTHER AROMATIC ACIDS IN DOG AND MAN. , 1945, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[36]  C. H. Fiske,et al.  THE COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHORUS , 1925 .