A Review of Metamaterial Invisibility Cloaks

The exciting features of metamaterial in conjunction with transformation optics leads to various applications in the microwave regime with such examples as invisible cloak, frequency selective surfaces (FSS), radomes, etc. The concept of electromagnetic invisibility is very much important in aerospace platform. Hence to study the feasibility of implementation of this concept for stealth, an extensive literature survey of metamaterial cloaks has been carried out and reported in this paper along with the basic concept of cloaking. To make the review more effective, the technical papers are classified into three broad sections viz. mathematical modeling, design and simulations, and fabrications and experimental demonstration. Further the design and simulation is focused on different techniques implemented such as finite difference time domain (FDTD), finite element method (FEM), finite integration technique (FIT), inductor-capacitor representation of metamaterial (LC MTM) etc. The review also reports the methods implemented for analysis of metamaterial cloaks with possibility of application to the specific frequency range

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[5]  Lewei Li,et al.  Analytical expression of the electromagnetic field inside the cylindrical metamaterial cloak excited by plane wave , 2008, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium.

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[21]  B. Novaković,et al.  Radiation and scattering from imperfect cylindrical electromagnetic cloaks. , 2008, Optics express.

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[31]  S. Tretyakov,et al.  Transmission-Line Networks Cloaking Objects From Electromagnetic Fields , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

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[41]  Shuang Zhang,et al.  Cloaking of matter waves. , 2008, Physical review letters.

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[49]  M. Qiu,et al.  Ideal cylindrical cloak: perfect but sensitive to tiny perturbations. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[50]  David R. Smith,et al.  Full-wave simulations of electromagnetic cloaking structures. , 2006, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[51]  G. Barbastathis,et al.  Macroscopic invisibility cloak for visible light. , 2010, Physical review letters.

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[53]  Bae-Ian Wu,et al.  Interaction of an electromagnetic wave with a cone-shaped invisibility cloak and polarization rotator , 2008 .

[54]  Fang Li,et al.  Experimental observation of invisibility to a broadband electromagnetic pulse by a cloak using transformation media based on inductor-capacitor networks , 2010 .

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[56]  Lewei Li,et al.  Three dimensional axiolitic cloak based on coordinate transformation , 2009, 2009 Asia Pacific Microwave Conference.

[57]  Boubacar Kante,et al.  Experimental demonstration of a nonmagnetic metamaterial cloak at microwave frequencies , 2009, 0907.4416.

[58]  David R. Smith,et al.  Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies , 2006, Science.

[59]  Lewei Li,et al.  Electromagnetic characteristics of metamaterial cloak covered dielectric cylinder illuminated by electric line source , 2010 .

[60]  Tungyang Chen,et al.  Invisibility cloak with a twin cavity. , 2009, Optics express.

[61]  David R. Smith,et al.  Invisibility cloak without singularity , 2008, 0809.2317.

[62]  U. Chettiar,et al.  Nonmagnetic cloak with minimized scattering , 2007 .

[63]  Che Ting Chan,et al.  Extending the bandwidth of electromagnetic cloaks , 2007 .

[64]  Huanyang Chen,et al.  Complementary media invisibility cloak that cloaks objects at a distance outside the cloaking shell. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[65]  S. Hrabar,et al.  Numerical analysis of a lumped-element-based planar anisotropic cloak , 2011, Proceedings ELMAR-2011.

[66]  V. Shalaev,et al.  Designs of optical cloak with nonlinear transformations , 2008, 2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science.

[67]  Yu Luo,et al.  Cloak for multilayered and gradually changing media , 2008 .

[68]  N. Engheta,et al.  Experimental verification of plasmonic cloaking at microwave frequencies with metamaterials. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[69]  G. Kattawar,et al.  Invisibility cloaks for irregular particles using coordinate transformations. , 2008, Optics express.

[70]  D. Werner,et al.  An infrared invisibility cloak composed of glass , 2010 .

[71]  Finite-difference time-domain simulations of approximate ground-plane cloaks , 2009, 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium.

[72]  S. Tretyakov,et al.  Broadband electromagnetic cloaking of long cylindrical objects. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[73]  T. Cui,et al.  Three-dimensional broadband ground-plane cloak made of metamaterials , 2010, Nature communications.

[74]  Yijun Feng,et al.  Infrared carpet cloak designed with uniform silicon grating structure , 2009, 0910.4248.

[75]  G. Uhlmann,et al.  Cloaking a sensor for three-dimensional Maxwell's equations: transformation optics approach. , 2011, Optics express.

[76]  Yijun Feng,et al.  Simplified ground plane invisibility cloak by multilayer dielectrics. , 2010, Optics express.

[77]  B. Novaković,et al.  Imperfect Cloaking Devices Based on Metamaterials , 2007 .

[78]  David R. Smith,et al.  Scattering cross-section of a transformation optics-based metamaterial cloak , 2010 .

[79]  Tie Jun Cui,et al.  Finite-element Analysis of Three-dimensional Axisymmetrical Invisibility Cloaks and Other Metamaterial Devices , 2010 .

[80]  U. Chettiar,et al.  Transformation optics: approaching broadband electromagnetic cloaking , 2008 .

[81]  S. Cummer,et al.  Cloaking with optimized homogeneous anisotropic layers , 2009 .

[82]  Allen Taflove,et al.  Computational Electrodynamics the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method , 1995 .

[83]  Yu Luo,et al.  Minimizing the scattering of a nonmagnetic cloak , 2010, 1002.2092.

[84]  Xiao Wei,et al.  Backscattering of metamaterial electromagnetic cloak , 2008, 2008 International Workshop on Metamaterials.

[85]  Vladimir M. Shalaev,et al.  Optical cloaking with metamaterials , 2006, physics/0611242.

[86]  Qingjie Zhang,et al.  A near-perfect invisibility cloak constructed with homogeneous materials. , 2009, Optics express.

[87]  David R. Smith,et al.  Metamaterials: Theory, Design, and Applications , 2009 .

[88]  U. Leonhardt.  Optical Conformal Mapping , 2006, Science.